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name,appearance,atomic_mass,boil,category,color,density,discovered_by,melt,molar_heat,named_by,number,period,phase,source,spectral_img,summary,symbol,xpos,ypos,shells,electron_configuration,electron_configuration_semantic,electron_affinity,electronegativity_pauling,ionization_energies,cpk-hex
Hydrogen,colorless gas,1.008,20.271,diatomic nonmetal,,0.08988,Henry Cavendish,13.99,28.836,Antoine Lavoisier,1,1,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Spectra.jpg,"Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.",H,1,1,[1],1s1,1s1,72.769,2.2,[1312],ffffff
Helium,"colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field",4.0026022,4.222,noble gas,,0.1786,Pierre Janssen,0.95,,,2,1,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helium_spectrum.jpg,"Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.",He,18,1,[2],1s2,1s2,-48.0,,"[2372.3, 5250.5]",d9ffff
Lithium,silvery-white,6.94,1603.0,alkali metal,,0.534,Johan August Arfwedson,453.65,24.86,,3,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium,,"Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, ""stone"") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.",Li,1,2,"[2, 1]",1s2 2s1,[He] 2s1,59.6326,0.98,"[520.2, 7298.1, 11815]",cc80ff
Beryllium,white-gray metallic,9.01218315,2742.0,alkaline earth metal,,1.85,Louis Nicolas Vauquelin,1560.0,16.443,,4,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium,,Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals.,Be,2,2,"[2, 2]",1s2 2s2,[He] 2s2,-48.0,1.57,"[899.5, 1757.1, 14848.7, 21006.6]",c2ff00
Boron,black-brown,10.81,4200.0,metalloid,,2.08,Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac,2349.0,11.087,,5,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron,,"Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals.",B,13,2,"[2, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p1,[He] 2s2 2p1,26.989,2.04,"[800.6, 2427.1, 3659.7, 25025.8, 32826.7]",ffb5b5
Carbon,,12.011,,polyatomic nonmetal,,1.821,Ancient Egypt,,8.517,,6,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_Spectra.jpg,"Carbon (from Latin:carbo ""coal"") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.",C,14,2,"[2, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p2,[He] 2s2 2p2,121.7763,2.55,"[1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831, 47277]",909090
Nitrogen,"colorless gas, liquid or solid",14.007,77.355,diatomic nonmetal,,1.251,Daniel Rutherford,63.15,,Jean-Antoine Chaptal,7,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg,"Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.",N,15,2,"[2, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p3,[He] 2s2 2p3,-6.8,3.04,"[1402.3, 2856, 4578.1, 7475, 9444.9, 53266.6, 64360]",3050f8
Oxygen,,15.999,90.188,diatomic nonmetal,,1.429,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,54.36,,Antoine Lavoisier,8,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxygen_spectre.jpg,"Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.",O,16,2,"[2, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p4,[He] 2s2 2p4,140.976,3.44,"[1313.9, 3388.3, 5300.5, 7469.2, 10989.5, 13326.5, 71330, 84078]",ff0d0d
Fluorine,,18.9984031636,85.03,diatomic nonmetal,,1.696,André-Marie Ampère,53.48,,Humphry Davy,9,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine,,"Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.",F,17,2,"[2, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p5,[He] 2s2 2p5,328.1649,3.98,"[1681, 3374.2, 6050.4, 8407.7, 11022.7, 15164.1, 17868, 92038.1, 106434.3]",90e050
Neon,colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field,20.17976,27.104,noble gas,,0.9002,Morris Travers,24.56,,,10,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_spectra.jpg,"Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air.",Ne,18,2,"[2, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6,[He] 2s2 2p6,-116.0,,"[2080.7, 3952.3, 6122, 9371, 12177, 15238, 19999, 23069.5, 115379.5, 131432]",b3e3f5
Sodium,silvery white metallic,22.989769282,1156.09,alkali metal,,0.968,Humphry Davy,370.944,28.23,,11,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_Spectra.jpg,"Sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek Νάτριο) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and shares with the other six elements in that column that it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom - a cation.",Na,1,3,"[2, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1,[Ne] 3s1,52.867,0.93,"[495.8, 4562, 6910.3, 9543, 13354, 16613, 20117, 25496, 28932, 141362, 159076]",ab5cf2
Magnesium,shiny grey solid,24.305,1363.0,alkaline earth metal,,1.738,Joseph Black,923.0,24.869,,12,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magnesium_Spectra.jpg,"Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.",Mg,2,3,"[2, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2,[Ne] 3s2,-40.0,1.31,"[737.7, 1450.7, 7732.7, 10542.5, 13630, 18020, 21711, 25661, 31653, 35458, 169988, 189368]",8aff00
Aluminium,silvery gray metallic,26.98153857,2743.0,post-transition metal,,2.7,,933.47,24.2,Humphry Davy,13,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium,,"Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.",Al,13,3,"[2, 8, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1,[Ne] 3s2 3p1,41.762,1.61,"[577.5, 1816.7, 2744.8, 11577, 14842, 18379, 23326, 27465, 31853, 38473, 42647, 201266, 222316]",bfa6a6
Silicon,"crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces",28.085,3538.0,metalloid,,2.329,Jöns Jacob Berzelius,1687.0,19.789,Thomas Thomson (chemist),14,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silicon_Spectra.jpg,"Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.",Si,14,3,"[2, 8, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2,[Ne] 3s2 3p2,134.0684,1.9,"[786.5, 1577.1, 3231.6, 4355.5, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287, 33878, 38726, 45962, 50502, 235196, 257923]",f0c8a0
Phosphorus,"colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black",30.9737619985,,polyatomic nonmetal,,1.823,Hennig Brand,,23.824,,15,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus,,"Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.",P,15,3,"[2, 8, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3,[Ne] 3s2 3p3,72.037,2.19,"[1011.8, 1907, 2914.1, 4963.6, 6273.9, 21267, 25431, 29872, 35905, 40950, 46261, 54110, 59024, 271791, 296195]",ff8000
Sulfur,lemon yellow sintered microcrystals,32.06,717.8,polyatomic nonmetal,,2.07,Ancient china,388.36,22.75,,16,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur_Spectrum.jpg,"Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.",S,16,3,"[2, 8, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4,[Ne] 3s2 3p4,200.4101,2.58,"[999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177, 48710, 54460, 62930, 68216, 311048, 337138]",ffff30
Chlorine,pale yellow-green gas,35.45,239.11,diatomic nonmetal,,3.2,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,171.6,,,17,3,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png,Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluorine.,Cl,17,3,"[2, 8, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5,[Ne] 3s2 3p5,348.575,3.16,"[1251.2, 2298, 3822, 5158.6, 6542, 9362, 11018, 33604, 38600, 43961, 51068, 57119, 63363, 72341, 78095, 352994, 380760]",1ff01f
Argon,colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field,39.9481,87.302,noble gas,,1.784,Lord Rayleigh,83.81,,,18,3,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Argon_Spectrum.png,"Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon (18 ppmv).",Ar,18,3,"[2, 8, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6,[Ne] 3s2 3p6,-96.0,,"[1520.6, 2665.8, 3931, 5771, 7238, 8781, 11995, 13842, 40760, 46186, 52002, 59653, 66199, 72918, 82473, 88576, 397605, 427066]",80d1e3
Potassium,silvery gray,39.09831,1032.0,alkali metal,,0.862,Humphry Davy,336.7,29.6,,19,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium_Spectrum.jpg,"Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts.",K,1,4,"[2, 8, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1,[Ar] 4s1,48.383,0.82,"[418.8, 3052, 4420, 5877, 7975, 9590, 11343, 14944, 16963.7, 48610, 54490, 60730, 68950, 75900, 83080, 93400, 99710, 444880, 476063]",8f40d4
Calcium,,40.0784,1757.0,alkaline earth metal,,1.55,Humphry Davy,1115.0,25.929,,20,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium_Spectrum.png,"Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate.",Ca,2,4,"[2, 8, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2,[Ar] 4s2,2.37,1.0,"[589.8, 1145.4, 4912.4, 6491, 8153, 10496, 12270, 14206, 18191, 20385, 57110, 63410, 70110, 78890, 86310, 94000, 104900, 111711, 494850, 527762]",3dff00
Scandium,silvery white,44.9559085,3109.0,transition metal,,2.985,Lars Fredrik Nilson,1814.0,25.52,,21,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium,,"Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.",Sc,3,4,"[2, 8, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1,[Ar] 3d1 4s2,18.0,1.36,"[633.1, 1235, 2388.6, 7090.6, 8843, 10679, 13310, 15250, 17370, 21726, 24102, 66320, 73010, 80160, 89490, 97400, 105600, 117000, 124270, 547530, 582163]",e6e6e6
Titanium,silvery grey-white metallic,47.8671,3560.0,transition metal,,4.506,William Gregor,1941.0,25.06,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,22,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium,,"Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.",Ti,4,4,"[2, 8, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2,[Ar] 3d2 4s2,7.289,1.54,"[658.8, 1309.8, 2652.5, 4174.6, 9581, 11533, 13590, 16440, 18530, 20833, 25575, 28125, 76015, 83280, 90880, 100700, 109100, 117800, 129900, 137530, 602930, 639294]",bfc2c7
Vanadium,blue-silver-grey metal,50.94151,3680.0,transition metal,,6.0,Andrés Manuel del Río,2183.0,24.89,Isotopes of vanadium,23,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium,,"Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.",V,5,4,"[2, 8, 11, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3,[Ar] 3d3 4s2,50.911,1.63,"[650.9, 1414, 2830, 4507, 6298.7, 12363, 14530, 16730, 19860, 22240, 24670, 29730, 32446, 86450, 94170, 102300, 112700, 121600, 130700, 143400, 151440, 661050, 699144]",a6a6ab
Chromium,silvery metallic,51.99616,2944.0,transition metal,,7.19,Louis Nicolas Vauquelin,2180.0,23.35,,24,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium,,"Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point.",Cr,6,4,"[2, 8, 13, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5,[Ar] 3d5 4s1,65.21,1.66,"[652.9, 1590.6, 2987, 4743, 6702, 8744.9, 15455, 17820, 20190, 23580, 26130, 28750, 34230, 37066, 97510, 105800, 114300, 125300, 134700, 144300, 157700, 166090, 721870, 761733]",8a99c7
Manganese,silvery metallic,54.9380443,2334.0,transition metal,,7.21,Torbern Olof Bergman,1519.0,26.32,,25,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese,,"Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.",Mn,7,4,"[2, 8, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5,[Ar] 3d5 4s2,-50.0,1.55,"[717.3, 1509, 3248, 4940, 6990, 9220, 11500, 18770, 21400, 23960, 27590, 30330, 33150, 38880, 41987, 109480, 118100, 127100, 138600, 148500, 158600, 172500, 181380, 785450, 827067]",9c7ac7
Iron,lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge,55.8452,3134.0,transition metal,,7.874,5000 BC,1811.0,25.1,,26,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Spectrum.jpg,"Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.",Fe,8,4,"[2, 8, 14, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6,[Ar] 3d6 4s2,14.785,1.83,"[762.5, 1561.9, 2957, 5290, 7240, 9560, 12060, 14580, 22540, 25290, 28000, 31920, 34830, 37840, 44100, 47206, 122200, 131000, 140500, 152600, 163000, 173600, 188100, 195200, 851800, 895161]",e06633
Cobalt,hard lustrous gray metal,58.9331944,3200.0,transition metal,metallic gray,8.9,Georg Brandt,1768.0,24.81,,27,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt,,"Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.",Co,9,4,"[2, 8, 15, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7,[Ar] 3d7 4s2,63.898,1.88,"[760.4, 1648, 3232, 4950, 7670, 9840, 12440, 15230, 17959, 26570, 29400, 32400, 36600, 39700, 42800, 49396, 52737, 134810, 145170, 154700, 167400, 178100, 189300, 204500, 214100, 920870, 966023]",f090a0
Nickel,"lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge",58.69344,3003.0,transition metal,,8.908,Axel Fredrik Cronstedt,1728.0,26.07,,28,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel,,Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.,Ni,10,4,"[2, 8, 16, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8,[Ar] 3d8 4s2,111.65,1.91,"[737.1, 1753, 3395, 5300, 7339, 10400, 12800, 15600, 18600, 21670, 30970, 34000, 37100, 41500, 44800, 48100, 55101, 58570, 148700, 159000, 169400, 182700, 194000, 205600, 221400, 231490, 992718, 1039668]",50d050
Copper,red-orange metallic luster,63.5463,2835.0,transition metal,,8.96,Middle East,1357.77,24.44,,29,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper,,"Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.",Cu,11,4,"[2, 8, 18, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10,[Ar] 3d10 4s1,119.235,1.9,"[745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000, 19200, 22400, 25600, 35600, 38700, 42000, 46700, 50200, 53700, 61100, 64702, 163700, 174100, 184900, 198800, 210500, 222700, 239100, 249660, 1067358, 1116105]",c88033
Zinc,silver-gray,65.382,1180.0,transition metal,,7.14,India,692.68,25.47,,30,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc,,"Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.",Zn,12,4,"[2, 8, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10,[Ar] 3d10 4s2,-58.0,1.65,"[906.4, 1733.3, 3833, 5731, 7970, 10400, 12900, 16800, 19600, 23000, 26400, 29990, 40490, 43800, 47300, 52300, 55900, 59700, 67300, 71200, 179100]",7d80b0
Gallium,silver-white,69.7231,2673.0,post-transition metal,,5.91,Lecoq de Boisbaudran,302.9146,25.86,,31,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium,,"Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).",Ga,13,4,"[2, 8, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1,41.0,1.81,"[578.8, 1979.3, 2963, 6180]",c28f8f
Germanium,grayish-white,72.6308,3106.0,metalloid,,5.323,Clemens Winkler,1211.4,23.222,,32,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium,,"Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.",Ge,14,4,"[2, 8, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2,118.9352,2.01,"[762, 1537.5, 3302.1, 4411, 9020]",668f8f
Arsenic,metallic grey,74.9215956,,metalloid,,5.727,Bronze Age,,24.64,,33,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic,,"Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid.",As,15,4,"[2, 8, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3,77.65,2.18,"[947, 1798, 2735, 4837, 6043, 12310]",bd80e3
Selenium,"black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes",78.9718,958.0,polyatomic nonmetal,,4.81,Jöns Jakob Berzelius,494.0,25.363,,34,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium,,"Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.",Se,16,4,"[2, 8, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4,194.9587,2.55,"[941, 2045, 2973.7, 4144, 6590, 7880, 14990]",ffa100
Bromine,,79.904,332.0,diatomic nonmetal,,3.1028,Antoine Jérôme Balard,265.8,,,35,4,Liquid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine,,"Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning ""stench"") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826.",Br,17,4,"[2, 8, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5,324.537,2.96,"[1139.9, 2103, 3470, 4560, 5760, 8550, 9940, 18600]",a62929
Krypton,"colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field",83.7982,119.93,noble gas,,3.749,William Ramsay,115.78,,,36,4,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Krypton_Spectrum.jpg,"Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos ""the hidden one"") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.",Kr,18,4,"[2, 8, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6,-96.0,3.0,"[1350.8, 2350.4, 3565, 5070, 6240, 7570, 10710, 12138, 22274, 25880, 29700, 33800, 37700, 43100, 47500, 52200, 57100, 61800, 75800, 80400, 85300, 90400, 96300, 101400, 111100, 116290, 282500, 296200, 311400, 326200]",5cb8d1
Rubidium,grey white,85.46783,961.0,alkali metal,,1.532,Robert Bunsen,312.45,31.06,,37,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium,,"Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, such as very rapid oxidation in air.",Rb,1,5,"[2, 8, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1,[Kr] 5s1,46.884,0.82,"[403, 2633, 3860, 5080, 6850, 8140, 9570, 13120, 14500, 26740]",702eb0
Strontium,,87.621,1650.0,alkaline earth metal,,2.64,William Cruickshank (chemist),1050.0,26.4,,38,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium,,"Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when it is exposed to air.",Sr,2,5,"[2, 8, 18, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2,[Kr] 5s2,5.023,0.95,"[549.5, 1064.2, 4138, 5500, 6910, 8760, 10230, 11800, 15600, 17100, 31270]",00ff00
Yttrium,silvery white,88.905842,3203.0,transition metal,,4.472,Johan Gadolin,1799.0,26.53,,39,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium,,"Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a ""rare earth element"". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.",Y,3,5,"[2, 8, 18, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1,[Kr] 4d1 5s2,29.6,1.22,"[600, 1180, 1980, 5847, 7430, 8970, 11190, 12450, 14110, 18400, 19900, 36090]",94ffff
Zirconium,silvery white,91.2242,4650.0,transition metal,,6.52,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,2128.0,25.36,,40,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium,,"Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning ""gold-colored"".",Zr,4,5,"[2, 8, 18, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2,[Kr] 4d2 5s2,41.806,1.33,"[640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752, 9500]",94e0e0
Niobium,"gray metallic, bluish when oxidized",92.906372,5017.0,transition metal,,8.57,Charles Hatchett,2750.0,24.6,,41,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium,,"Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.",Nb,5,5,"[2, 8, 18, 12, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4,[Kr] 4d4 5s1,88.516,1.6,"[652.1, 1380, 2416, 3700, 4877, 9847, 12100]",73c2c9
Molybdenum,gray metallic,95.951,4912.0,transition metal,,10.28,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,2896.0,24.06,,42,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum,,"Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.",Mo,6,5,"[2, 8, 18, 13, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d5,[Kr] 4d5 5s1,72.1,2.16,"[684.3, 1560, 2618, 4480, 5257, 6640.8, 12125, 13860, 15835, 17980, 20190, 22219, 26930, 29196, 52490, 55000, 61400, 67700, 74000, 80400, 87000, 93400, 98420, 104400, 121900, 127700, 133800, 139800, 148100, 154500]",54b5b5
Technetium,shiny gray metal,98.0,4538.0,transition metal,,11.0,Emilio Segrè,2430.0,24.27,,43,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium,,"Technetium (/tɛkˈniːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in nature.",Tc,7,5,"[2, 8, 18, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5,[Kr] 4d5 5s2,53.0,1.9,"[702, 1470, 2850]",3b9e9e
Ruthenium,silvery white metallic,101.072,4423.0,transition metal,,12.45,Karl Ernst Claus,2607.0,24.06,,44,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium,,"Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals.",Ru,8,5,"[2, 8, 18, 15, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7,[Kr] 4d7 5s1,100.96,2.2,"[710.2, 1620, 2747]",248f8f
Rhodium,silvery white metallic,102.905502,3968.0,transition metal,,12.41,William Hyde Wollaston,2237.0,24.98,,45,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium,,"Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group.",Rh,9,5,"[2, 8, 18, 16, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d8,[Kr] 4d8 5s1,110.27,2.28,"[719.7, 1740, 2997]",0a7d8c
Palladium,silvery white,106.421,3236.0,transition metal,,12.023,William Hyde Wollaston,1828.05,25.98,,46,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium,,"Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.",Pd,10,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10,[Kr] 4d10,54.24,2.2,"[804.4, 1870, 3177]",006985
Silver,lustrous white metal,107.86822,2435.0,transition metal,,10.49,"unknown, before 5000 BC",1234.93,25.35,,47,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver,,"Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:άργυρος árguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for ""grey"" or ""shining"") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.",Ag,11,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10,[Kr] 4d10 5s1,125.862,1.93,"[731, 2070, 3361]",c0c0c0
Cadmium,silvery bluish-gray metallic,112.4144,1040.0,transition metal,,8.65,Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann,594.22,26.02,Isotopes of cadmium,48,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium,,"Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.",Cd,12,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10,[Kr] 4d10 5s2,-68.0,1.69,"[867.8, 1631.4, 3616]",ffd98f
Indium,silvery lustrous gray,114.8181,2345.0,post-transition metal,,7.31,Ferdinand Reich,429.7485,26.74,,49,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium,,"Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.",In,13,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1,37.043,1.78,"[558.3, 1820.7, 2704, 5210]",a67573
Tin,"silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)",118.7107,2875.0,post-transition metal,,7.365,"unknown, before 3500 BC",505.08,27.112,,50,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin,,"Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.",Sn,14,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2,107.2984,1.96,"[708.6, 1411.8, 2943, 3930.3, 7456]",668080
Antimony,silvery lustrous gray,121.7601,1908.0,metalloid,,6.697,"unknown, before 3000 BC",903.78,25.23,,51,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony,,"Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.",Sb,15,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3,101.059,2.05,"[834, 1594.9, 2440, 4260, 5400, 10400]",9e63b5
Tellurium,,127.603,1261.0,metalloid,,6.24,Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein,722.66,25.73,,52,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium,,"Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur.",Te,16,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4,190.161,2.1,"[869.3, 1790, 2698, 3610, 5668, 6820, 13200]",d47a00
Iodine,"lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas",126.904473,457.4,diatomic nonmetal,,4.933,Bernard Courtois,386.85,,,53,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine,,"Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition, and industrially in the production of acetic acid and certain polymers.",I,17,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5,295.1531,2.66,"[1008.4, 1845.9, 3180]",940094
Xenon,"colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field",131.2936,165.051,noble gas,,5.894,William Ramsay,161.4,,,54,5,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xenon_Spectrum.jpg,"Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized.",Xe,18,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6,-77.0,2.6,"[1170.4, 2046.4, 3099.4]",429eb0
Cesium,silvery gold,132.905451966,944.0,alkali metal,,1.93,Robert Bunsen,301.7,32.21,,55,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesium,,"Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.",Cs,1,6,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1,[Xe] 6s1,45.505,0.79,"[375.7, 2234.3, 3400]",57178f
Barium,,137.3277,2118.0,alkaline earth metal,,3.51,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,1000.0,28.07,,56,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium,,"Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element.",Ba,2,6,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2,[Xe] 6s2,13.954,0.89,"[502.9, 965.2, 3600]",00c900
Lanthanum,silvery white,138.905477,3737.0,lanthanide,,6.162,Carl Gustaf Mosander,1193.0,27.11,,57,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum,,"Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave its name to the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table:it is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals.",La,3,9,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1,[Xe] 5d16s2,53.0,1.1,"[538.1, 1067, 1850.3, 4819, 5940]",70d4ff
Cerium,silvery white,140.1161,3716.0,lanthanide,,6.77,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,1068.0,26.94,,58,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium,,"Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).",Ce,4,9,"[2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f1,[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2,55.0,1.12,"[534.4, 1050, 1949, 3547, 6325, 7490]",ffffc7
Praseodymium,grayish white,140.907662,3403.0,lanthanide,,6.77,Carl Auer von Welsbach,1208.0,27.2,,59,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium,,"Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.",Pr,5,9,"[2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f3,[Xe] 4f3 6s2,93.0,1.13,"[527, 1020, 2086, 3761, 5551]",d9ffc7
Neodymium,silvery white,144.2423,3347.0,lanthanide,,7.01,Carl Auer von Welsbach,1297.0,27.45,,60,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium,,Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.,Nd,6,9,"[2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4,[Xe] 4f4 6s2,184.87,1.14,"[533.1, 1040, 2130, 3900]",c7ffc7
Promethium,metallic,145.0,3273.0,lanthanide,,7.26,Chien Shiung Wu,1315.0,,Isotopes of promethium,61,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promethium,,"Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements.",Pm,7,9,"[2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f5,[Xe] 4f5 6s2,12.45,1.13,"[540, 1050, 2150, 3970]",a3ffc7
Samarium,silvery white,150.362,2173.0,lanthanide,,7.52,Lecoq de Boisbaudran,1345.0,29.54,,62,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium,,"Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3.",Sm,8,9,"[2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6,[Xe] 4f6 6s2,15.63,1.17,"[544.5, 1070, 2260, 3990]",8fffc7
Europium,,151.9641,1802.0,lanthanide,,5.264,Eugène-Anatole Demarçay,1099.0,27.66,,63,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium,,"Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water.",Eu,9,9,"[2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7,[Xe] 4f7 6s2,11.2,1.2,"[547.1, 1085, 2404, 4120]",61ffc7
Gadolinium,silvery white,157.253,3273.0,lanthanide,,7.9,Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac,1585.0,37.03,,64,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium,,"Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.",Gd,10,9,"[2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1,[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2,13.22,1.2,"[593.4, 1170, 1990, 4250]",45ffc7
Terbium,silvery white,158.925352,3396.0,lanthanide,,8.23,Carl Gustaf Mosander,1629.0,28.91,,65,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium,,"Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.",Tb,11,9,"[2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f9,[Xe] 4f9 6s2,112.4,1.1,"[565.8, 1110, 2114, 3839]",30ffc7
Dysprosium,silvery white,162.5001,2840.0,lanthanide,,8.54,Lecoq de Boisbaudran,1680.0,27.7,,66,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium,,"Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.",Dy,12,9,"[2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10,[Xe] 4f10 6s2,33.96,1.22,"[573, 1130, 2200, 3990]",1fffc7
Holmium,silvery white,164.930332,2873.0,lanthanide,,8.79,Marc Delafontaine,1734.0,27.15,,67,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmium,,"Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.",Ho,13,9,"[2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f11,[Xe] 4f11 6s2,32.61,1.23,"[581, 1140, 2204, 4100]",00ff9c
Erbium,silvery white,167.2593,3141.0,lanthanide,,9.066,Carl Gustaf Mosander,1802.0,28.12,,68,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium,,"Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.",Er,14,9,"[2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12,[Xe] 4f12 6s2,30.1,1.24,"[589.3, 1150, 2194, 4120]",00e675
Thulium,silvery gray,168.934222,2223.0,lanthanide,,9.32,Per Teodor Cleve,1818.0,27.03,,69,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium,,"Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.",Tm,15,9,"[2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13,[Xe] 4f13 6s2,99.0,1.25,"[596.7, 1160, 2285, 4120]",00d452
Ytterbium,,173.0451,1469.0,lanthanide,,6.9,Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac,1097.0,26.74,,70,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium,,"Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.",Yb,16,9,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14,[Xe] 4f14 6s2,-1.93,1.1,"[603.4, 1174.8, 2417, 4203]",00bf38
Lutetium,silvery white,174.96681,3675.0,lanthanide,,9.841,Georges Urbain,1925.0,26.86,,71,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutetium,,"Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths.",Lu,17,9,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d1,[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2,33.4,1.27,"[523.5, 1340, 2022.3, 4370, 6445]",00ab24
Hafnium,steel gray,178.492,4876.0,transition metal,,13.31,Dirk Coster,2506.0,25.73,,72,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png,"Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).",Hf,4,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2,[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2,17.18,1.3,"[658.5, 1440, 2250, 3216]",4dc2ff
Tantalum,gray blue,180.947882,5731.0,transition metal,,16.69,Anders Gustaf Ekeberg,3290.0,25.36,,73,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tantalum_spectrum_visible.png,"Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.",Ta,5,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d3,[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2,31.0,1.5,"[761, 1500]",4da6ff
Tungsten,"grayish white, lustrous",183.841,6203.0,transition metal,,19.25,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,3695.0,24.27,,74,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten,,"Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.",W,6,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d4,[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2,78.76,2.36,"[770, 1700]",2194d6
Rhenium,silvery-grayish,186.2071,5869.0,transition metal,,21.02,Masataka Ogawa,3459.0,25.48,Walter Noddack,75,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium,,"Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.",Re,7,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d5,[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2,5.8273,1.9,"[760, 1260, 2510, 3640]",267dab
Osmium,"silvery, blue cast",190.233,5285.0,transition metal,,22.59,Smithson Tennant,3306.0,24.7,,76,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium,,"Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning ""smell"") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3.",Os,8,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d6,[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2,103.99,2.2,"[840, 1600]",266696
Iridium,silvery white,192.2173,4403.0,transition metal,,22.56,Smithson Tennant,2719.0,25.1,,77,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium,,"Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.",Ir,9,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7,[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2,150.94,2.2,"[880, 1600]",175487
Platinum,silvery white,195.0849,4098.0,transition metal,,21.45,Antonio de Ulloa,2041.4,25.86,,78,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum,,"Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into ""little silver"".",Pt,10,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d9,[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1,205.041,2.28,"[870, 1791]",d0d0e0
Gold,metallic yellow,196.9665695,3243.0,transition metal,,19.3,Middle East,1337.33,25.418,,79,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold,,"Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.",Au,11,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1,222.747,2.54,"[890.1, 1980]",ffd123
Mercury,silvery,200.5923,629.88,transition metal,,13.534,"unknown, before 2000 BCE",234.321,27.983,,80,6,Liquid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury (Element),,"Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.",Hg,12,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2,-48.0,2.0,"[1007.1, 1810, 3300]",b8b8d0
Thallium,silvery white,204.38,1746.0,post-transition metal,,11.85,William Crookes,577.0,26.32,,81,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium,,"Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.",Tl,13,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1,36.4,1.62,"[589.4, 1971, 2878]",a6544d
Lead,metallic gray,207.21,2022.0,post-transition metal,,11.34,Middle East,600.61,26.65,,82,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(element),,"Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.",Pb,14,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2,34.4204,1.87,"[715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5, 4083, 6640]",575961
Bismuth,lustrous silver,208.980401,1837.0,post-transition metal,,9.78,Claude François Geoffroy,544.7,25.52,,83,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth,,"Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.",Bi,15,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3,90.924,2.02,"[703, 1610, 2466, 4370, 5400, 8520]",9e4fb5
Polonium,silvery,209.0,1235.0,post-transition metal,,9.196,Pierre Curie,527.0,26.4,,84,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium,,"Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few.",Po,16,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4,136.0,2.0,[812.1],ab5c00
Astatine,"unknown, probably metallic",210.0,610.0,metalloid,,6.35,Dale R. Corson,575.0,,,85,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine,,"Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.",At,17,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5,233.0,2.2,[899.003],754f45
Radon,"colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes",222.0,211.5,noble gas,,9.73,Friedrich Ernst Dorn,202.0,,,86,6,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radon_spectrum.png,"Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.",Rn,18,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6,-68.0,2.2,[1037],428296
Francium,,223.0,950.0,alkali metal,,1.87,Marguerite Perey,300.0,,,87,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium,,"Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon.",Fr,1,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1,[Rn] 7s1,46.89,0.79,[380],420066
Radium,silvery white metallic,226.0,2010.0,alkaline earth metal,,5.5,Pierre Curie,1233.0,,,88,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium,,"Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra3N2).",Ra,2,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2,[Rn] 7s2,9.6485,0.9,"[509.3, 979]",007d00
Actinium,,227.0,3500.0,actinide,,10.0,Friedrich Oskar Giesel,1500.0,27.2,,89,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium,,"Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902.",Ac,3,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d1,[Rn] 6d1 7s2,33.77,1.1,"[499, 1170]",70abfa
Thorium,"silvery, often with black tarnish",232.03774,5061.0,actinide,,11.724,Jöns Jakob Berzelius,2023.0,26.23,,90,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium,,"Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other being uranium). It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian Reverend and amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.",Th,4,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d2,[Rn] 6d2 7s2,112.72,1.3,"[587, 1110, 1930, 2780]",00baff
Protactinium,"bright, silvery metallic luster",231.035882,4300.0,actinide,,15.37,William Crookes,1841.0,,Otto Hahn,91,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium,,"Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states.",Pa,5,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f2 6d1,[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2,53.03,1.5,[568],00a1ff
Uranium,,238.028913,4404.0,actinide,,19.1,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,1405.3,27.665,,92,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium,,"Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons.",U,6,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f3 6d1,[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2,50.94,1.38,"[597.6, 1420]",008fff
Neptunium,silvery metallic,237.0,4447.0,actinide,,20.45,Edwin McMillan,912.0,29.46,,93,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium,,"Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus.",Np,7,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f4 6d1,[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2,45.85,1.36,[604.5],0080ff
Plutonium,"silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air",244.0,3505.0,actinide,,19.816,Glenn T. Seaborg,912.5,35.5,,94,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium,,"Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states.",Pu,8,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f6,[Rn] 5f6 7s2,-48.33,1.28,[584.7],006bff
Americium,silvery white,243.0,2880.0,actinide,,12.0,Glenn T. Seaborg,1449.0,62.7,,95,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Americium_spectrum_visible.png,"Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the actinide series is located in the periodic table under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T.Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the metallurgical laboratory of University of Chicago.",Am,9,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7,[Rn] 5f7 7s2,9.93,1.13,[578],545cf2
Curium,"silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark",247.0,3383.0,actinide,,13.51,Glenn T. Seaborg,1613.0,,,96,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium,,"Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley.",Cm,10,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7 6d1,[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2,27.17,1.28,[581],785ce3
Berkelium,silvery,247.0,2900.0,actinide,,14.78,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1259.0,,,97,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium,,"Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949.",Bk,11,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f9,[Rn] 5f9 7s2,-165.24,1.3,[601],8a4fe3
Californium,silvery,251.0,1743.0,actinide,,15.1,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1173.0,,,98,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium,,"Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium).",Cf,12,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f10,[Rn] 5f10 7s2,-97.31,1.3,[608],a136d4
Einsteinium,silver-colored,252.0,1269.0,actinide,,8.84,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1133.0,,,99,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium,,"Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein.",Es,13,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f11,[Rn] 5f11 7s2,-28.6,1.3,[619],b31fd4
Fermium,,257.0,,actinide,,,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1800.0,,,100,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium,,"Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared.",Fm,14,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f12,[Rn] 5f12 7s2,33.96,1.3,[627],b31fba
Mendelevium,,258.0,,actinide,,,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1100.0,,,101,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium,,"Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the antepenultimate actinide and the ninth transuranic element.",Md,15,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f13,[Rn] 5f13 7s2,93.91,1.3,[635],b30da6
Nobelium,,259.0,,actinide,,,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,1100.0,,,102,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium,,"Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series.",No,16,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14,[Rn] 5f14 7s2,-223.22,1.3,[642],bd0d87
Lawrencium,,266.0,,actinide,,,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1900.0,,,103,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencium,,"Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal, lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of the actinide series.",Lr,17,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 7p1,[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1,-30.04,1.3,[470],c70066
Rutherfordium,,267.0,5800.0,transition metal,,23.2,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,2400.0,,,104,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordium,,"Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements.",Rf,4,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d2,[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2,,,[580],cc0059
Dubnium,,268.0,,transition metal,,29.3,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,,,,105,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium,,"Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours.",Db,5,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d3,*[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2,,,[],d1004f
Seaborgium,,269.0,,transition metal,,35.0,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,,,,106,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium,,Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life (ca.,Sg,6,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d4,*[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2,,,[],d90045
Bohrium,,270.0,,transition metal,,37.1,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,107,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium,,"Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 270Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds.",Bh,7,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d5,*[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2,,,[],e00038
Hassium,,269.0,,transition metal,,40.7,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,126.0,,,108,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium,,"Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds, although an unconfirmed metastable state, 277mHs, may have a longer half-life of about 130 seconds. More than 100 atoms of hassium have been synthesized to date.",Hs,8,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d6,*[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2,,,[],e6002e
Meitnerium,,278.0,,"unknown, probably transition metal",,37.4,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,109,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium,,"Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds.",Mt,9,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d7,*[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2,,,[],eb0026
Darmstadtium,,281.0,,"unknown, probably transition metal",,34.8,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,110,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadtium,,"Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds.",Ds,10,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d8,*[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1,,,[],
Roentgenium,,282.0,,"unknown, probably transition metal",,28.7,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,111,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium,,"Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany.",Rg,11,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d9,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1,151.0,,[],
Copernicium,,285.0,3570.0,transition metal,,23.7,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,112,7,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicium,,"Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 29 seconds, but it is possible that this copernicium isotope may have a nuclear isomer with a longer half-life, 8.9 min.",Cn,12,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2,,,[],
Nihonium,,286.0,1430.0,"unknown, probably transition metal",,16.0,RIKEN,700.0,,,113,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununtrium,,"Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of 20 seconds.",Nh,13,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p1,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1,66.6,,[],
Flerovium,,289.0,420.0,post-transition metal,,14.0,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,340.0,,,114,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerovium,,"Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998.",Fl,14,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2,,,[],
Moscovium,,289.0,1400.0,"unknown, probably post-transition metal",,13.5,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,670.0,,,115,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium,,"Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotope, moscovium-289, has a half-life of only 220 milliseconds. It is also known as eka-bismuth or simply element 115.",Mc,15,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p3,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3,35.3,,[],
Livermorium,,293.0,1085.0,"unknown, probably post-transition metal",,12.9,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,709.0,,,116,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium,,"Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium in 2000.",Lv,16,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p4,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4,74.9,,[],
Tennessine,,294.0,883.0,"unknown, probably metalloid",,7.17,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,723.0,,,117,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessine,,"Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. As of 2016, fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed:six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014.",Ts,17,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p5,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5,165.9,,[],
Oganesson,,294.0,350.0,"unknown, predicted to be noble gas",,4.95,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,,,,118,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson,,"Oganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Oganesson is currently the only synthetic member of group 18.",Og,18,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6,5.40318,,[],
Ununennium,,315.0,630.0,"unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal",,3.0,GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research,,,,119,8,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununennium,,"Ununennium, also known as eka-francium or simply element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119. Ununennium and Uue are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkali metal, and the first element in the eighth period.",Uue,1,8,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6 8s1,*[Uuo] 8s1,63.87,,[],
name,appearance,atomic_mass,boil,category,density,discovered_by,melt,molar_heat,named_by,number,period,phase,source,spectral_img,summary,symbol,xpos,ypos,shells,electron_configuration,electron_configuration_semantic,electron_affinity,electronegativity_pauling,ionization_energies,cpk-hex
Hydrogen,colorless gas,1.008,20.271,diatomic nonmetal,0.08988,Henry Cavendish,13.99,28.836,Antoine Lavoisier,1,1,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Spectra.jpg,"Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.",H,1,1,[1],1s1,1s1,72.769,2.2,[1312],ffffff
Helium,"colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field",4.0026022,4.222,noble gas,0.1786,Pierre Janssen,0.95,,,2,1,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helium_spectrum.jpg,"Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.",He,18,1,[2],1s2,1s2,-48,,"[2372.3, 5250.5]",d9ffff
Lithium,silvery-white,6.94,1603,alkali metal,0.534,Johan August Arfwedson,453.65,24.86,,3,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium,,"Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, ""stone"") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element.",Li,1,2,"[2, 1]",1s2 2s1,[He] 2s1,59.6326,0.98,"[520.2, 7298.1, 11815]",cc80ff
Beryllium,white-gray metallic,9.01218315,2742,alkaline earth metal,1.85,Louis Nicolas Vauquelin,1560,16.443,,4,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium,,Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals.,Be,2,2,"[2, 2]",1s2 2s2,[He] 2s2,-48,1.57,"[899.5, 1757.1, 14848.7, 21006.6]",c2ff00
Boron,black-brown,10.81,4200,metalloid,2.08,Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac,2349,11.087,,5,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron,,"Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals.",B,13,2,"[2, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p1,[He] 2s2 2p1,26.989,2.04,"[800.6, 2427.1, 3659.7, 25025.8, 32826.7]",ffb5b5
Carbon,,12.011,,polyatomic nonmetal,1.821,Ancient Egypt,,8.517,,6,2,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_Spectra.jpg,"Carbon (from Latin:carbo ""coal"") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds.",C,14,2,"[2, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p2,[He] 2s2 2p2,121.7763,2.55,"[1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831, 47277]",909090
Nitrogen,"colorless gas, liquid or solid",14.007,77.355,diatomic nonmetal,1.251,Daniel Rutherford,63.15,,Jean-Antoine Chaptal,7,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg,"Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.",N,15,2,"[2, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p3,[He] 2s2 2p3,-6.8,3.04,"[1402.3, 2856, 4578.1, 7475, 9444.9, 53266.6, 64360]",3050f8
Oxygen,,15.999,90.188,diatomic nonmetal,1.429,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,54.36,,Antoine Lavoisier,8,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxygen_spectre.jpg,"Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium.",O,16,2,"[2, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p4,[He] 2s2 2p4,140.976,3.44,"[1313.9, 3388.3, 5300.5, 7469.2, 10989.5, 13326.5, 71330, 84078]",ff0d0d
Fluorine,,18.99840316,85.03,diatomic nonmetal,1.696,André-Marie Ampère,53.48,,Humphry Davy,9,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine,,"Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine.",F,17,2,"[2, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p5,[He] 2s2 2p5,328.1649,3.98,"[1681, 3374.2, 6050.4, 8407.7, 11022.7, 15164.1, 17868, 92038.1, 106434.3]",9.00E+51
Neon,colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field,20.17976,27.104,noble gas,0.9002,Morris Travers,24.56,,,10,2,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_spectra.jpg,"Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air.",Ne,18,2,"[2, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6,[He] 2s2 2p6,-116,,"[2080.7, 3952.3, 6122, 9371, 12177, 15238, 19999, 23069.5, 115379.5, 131432]",b3e3f5
Sodium,silvery white metallic,22.98976928,1156.09,alkali metal,0.968,Humphry Davy,370.944,28.23,,11,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_Spectra.jpg,"Sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek Νάτριο) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and shares with the other six elements in that column that it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom - a cation.",Na,1,3,"[2, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1,[Ne] 3s1,52.867,0.93,"[495.8, 4562, 6910.3, 9543, 13354, 16613, 20117, 25496, 28932, 141362, 159076]",ab5cf2
Magnesium,shiny grey solid,24.305,1363,alkaline earth metal,1.738,Joseph Black,923,24.869,,12,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magnesium_Spectra.jpg,"Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe.",Mg,2,3,"[2, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2,[Ne] 3s2,-40,1.31,"[737.7, 1450.7, 7732.7, 10542.5, 13630, 18020, 21711, 25661, 31653, 35458, 169988, 189368]",8aff00
Aluminium,silvery gray metallic,26.98153857,2743,post-transition metal,2.7,,933.47,24.2,Humphry Davy,13,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium,,"Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust.",Al,13,3,"[2, 8, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1,[Ne] 3s2 3p1,41.762,1.61,"[577.5, 1816.7, 2744.8, 11577, 14842, 18379, 23326, 27465, 31853, 38473, 42647, 201266, 222316]",bfa6a6
Silicon,"crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces",28.085,3538,metalloid,2.329,Jöns Jacob Berzelius,1687,19.789,Thomas Thomson (chemist),14,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silicon_Spectra.jpg,"Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery.",Si,14,3,"[2, 8, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2,[Ne] 3s2 3p2,134.0684,1.9,"[786.5, 1577.1, 3231.6, 4355.5, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287, 33878, 38726, 45962, 50502, 235196, 257923]",f0c8a0
Phosphorus,"colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black",30.973762,,polyatomic nonmetal,1.823,Hennig Brand,,23.824,,15,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus,,"Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.",P,15,3,"[2, 8, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3,[Ne] 3s2 3p3,72.037,2.19,"[1011.8, 1907, 2914.1, 4963.6, 6273.9, 21267, 25431, 29872, 35905, 40950, 46261, 54110, 59024, 271791, 296195]",ff8000
Sulfur,lemon yellow sintered microcrystals,32.06,717.8,polyatomic nonmetal,2.07,Ancient china,388.36,22.75,,16,3,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur_Spectrum.jpg,"Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.",S,16,3,"[2, 8, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4,[Ne] 3s2 3p4,200.4101,2.58,"[999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177, 48710, 54460, 62930, 68216, 311048, 337138]",ffff30
Chlorine,pale yellow-green gas,35.45,239.11,diatomic nonmetal,3.2,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,171.6,,,17,3,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png,Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluorine.,Cl,17,3,"[2, 8, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5,[Ne] 3s2 3p5,348.575,3.16,"[1251.2, 2298, 3822, 5158.6, 6542, 9362, 11018, 33604, 38600, 43961, 51068, 57119, 63363, 72341, 78095, 352994, 380760]",1ff01f
Argon,colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field,39.9481,87.302,noble gas,1.784,Lord Rayleigh,83.81,,,18,3,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Argon_Spectrum.png,"Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon (18 ppmv).",Ar,18,3,"[2, 8, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6,[Ne] 3s2 3p6,-96,,"[1520.6, 2665.8, 3931, 5771, 7238, 8781, 11995, 13842, 40760, 46186, 52002, 59653, 66199, 72918, 82473, 88576, 397605, 427066]",80d1e3
Potassium,silvery gray,39.09831,1032,alkali metal,0.862,Humphry Davy,336.7,29.6,,19,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium_Spectrum.jpg,"Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts.",K,1,4,"[2, 8, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1,[Ar] 4s1,48.383,0.82,"[418.8, 3052, 4420, 5877, 7975, 9590, 11343, 14944, 16963.7, 48610, 54490, 60730, 68950, 75900, 83080, 93400, 99710, 444880, 476063]",8f40d4
Calcium,,40.0784,1757,alkaline earth metal,1.55,Humphry Davy,1115,25.929,,20,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium_Spectrum.png,"Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate.",Ca,2,4,"[2, 8, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2,[Ar] 4s2,2.37,1,"[589.8, 1145.4, 4912.4, 6491, 8153, 10496, 12270, 14206, 18191, 20385, 57110, 63410, 70110, 78890, 86310, 94000, 104900, 111711, 494850, 527762]",3dff00
Scandium,silvery white,44.9559085,3109,transition metal,2.985,Lars Fredrik Nilson,1814,25.52,,21,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium,,"Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia.",Sc,3,4,"[2, 8, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1,[Ar] 3d1 4s2,18,1.36,"[633.1, 1235, 2388.6, 7090.6, 8843, 10679, 13310, 15250, 17370, 21726, 24102, 66320, 73010, 80160, 89490, 97400, 105600, 117000, 124270, 547530, 582163]",e6e6e6
Titanium,silvery grey-white metallic,47.8671,3560,transition metal,4.506,William Gregor,1941,25.06,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,22,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium,,"Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine.",Ti,4,4,"[2, 8, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2,[Ar] 3d2 4s2,7.289,1.54,"[658.8, 1309.8, 2652.5, 4174.6, 9581, 11533, 13590, 16440, 18530, 20833, 25575, 28125, 76015, 83280, 90880, 100700, 109100, 117800, 129900, 137530, 602930, 639294]",bfc2c7
Vanadium,blue-silver-grey metal,50.94151,3680,transition metal,6,Andrés Manuel del Río,2183,24.89,Isotopes of vanadium,23,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium,,"Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation.",V,5,4,"[2, 8, 11, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3,[Ar] 3d3 4s2,50.911,1.63,"[650.9, 1414, 2830, 4507, 6298.7, 12363, 14530, 16730, 19860, 22240, 24670, 29730, 32446, 86450, 94170, 102300, 112700, 121600, 130700, 143400, 151440, 661050, 699144]",a6a6ab
Chromium,silvery metallic,51.99616,2944,transition metal,7.19,Louis Nicolas Vauquelin,2180,23.35,,24,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium,,"Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point.",Cr,6,4,"[2, 8, 13, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5,[Ar] 3d5 4s1,65.21,1.66,"[652.9, 1590.6, 2987, 4743, 6702, 8744.9, 15455, 17820, 20190, 23580, 26130, 28750, 34230, 37066, 97510, 105800, 114300, 125300, 134700, 144300, 157700, 166090, 721870, 761733]",8a99c7
Manganese,silvery metallic,54.9380443,2334,transition metal,7.21,Torbern Olof Bergman,1519,26.32,,25,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese,,"Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.",Mn,7,4,"[2, 8, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5,[Ar] 3d5 4s2,-50,1.55,"[717.3, 1509, 3248, 4940, 6990, 9220, 11500, 18770, 21400, 23960, 27590, 30330, 33150, 38880, 41987, 109480, 118100, 127100, 138600, 148500, 158600, 172500, 181380, 785450, 827067]",9c7ac7
Iron,lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge,55.8452,3134,transition metal,7.874,5000 BC,1811,25.1,,26,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Spectrum.jpg,"Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core.",Fe,8,4,"[2, 8, 14, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6,[Ar] 3d6 4s2,14.785,1.83,"[762.5, 1561.9, 2957, 5290, 7240, 9560, 12060, 14580, 22540, 25290, 28000, 31920, 34830, 37840, 44100, 47206, 122200, 131000, 140500, 152600, 163000, 173600, 188100, 195200, 851800, 895161]",e06633
Cobalt,hard lustrous gray metal,58.9331944,3200,transition metal,8.9,Georg Brandt,1768,24.81,,27,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt,,"Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.",Co,9,4,"[2, 8, 15, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7,[Ar] 3d7 4s2,63.898,1.88,"[760.4, 1648, 3232, 4950, 7670, 9840, 12440, 15230, 17959, 26570, 29400, 32400, 36600, 39700, 42800, 49396, 52737, 134810, 145170, 154700, 167400, 178100, 189300, 204500, 214100, 920870, 966023]",f090a0
Nickel,"lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge",58.69344,3003,transition metal,8.908,Axel Fredrik Cronstedt,1728,26.07,,28,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel,,Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile.,Ni,10,4,"[2, 8, 16, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8,[Ar] 3d8 4s2,111.65,1.91,"[737.1, 1753, 3395, 5300, 7339, 10400, 12800, 15600, 18600, 21670, 30970, 34000, 37100, 41500, 44800, 48100, 55101, 58570, 148700, 159000, 169400, 182700, 194000, 205600, 221400, 231490, 992718, 1039668]",50d050
Copper,red-orange metallic luster,63.5463,2835,transition metal,8.96,Middle East,1357.77,24.44,,29,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper,,"Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color.",Cu,11,4,"[2, 8, 18, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10,[Ar] 3d10 4s1,119.235,1.9,"[745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000, 19200, 22400, 25600, 35600, 38700, 42000, 46700, 50200, 53700, 61100, 64702, 163700, 174100, 184900, 198800, 210500, 222700, 239100, 249660, 1067358, 1116105]",c88033
Zinc,silver-gray,65.382,1180,transition metal,7.14,India,692.68,25.47,,30,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc,,"Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2.",Zn,12,4,"[2, 8, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10,[Ar] 3d10 4s2,-58,1.65,"[906.4, 1733.3, 3833, 5731, 7970, 10400, 12900, 16800, 19600, 23000, 26400, 29990, 40490, 43800, 47300, 52300, 55900, 59700, 67300, 71200, 179100]",7d80b0
Gallium,silver-white,69.7231,2673,post-transition metal,5.91,Lecoq de Boisbaudran,302.9146,25.86,,31,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium,,"Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature).",Ga,13,4,"[2, 8, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1,41,1.81,"[578.8, 1979.3, 2963, 6180]",c28f8f
Germanium,grayish-white,72.6308,3106,metalloid,5.323,Clemens Winkler,1211.4,23.222,,32,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium,,"Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon.",Ge,14,4,"[2, 8, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2,118.9352,2.01,"[762, 1537.5, 3302.1, 4411, 9020]",668f8f
Arsenic,metallic grey,74.9215956,,metalloid,5.727,Bronze Age,,24.64,,33,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic,,"Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid.",As,15,4,"[2, 8, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3,77.65,2.18,"[947, 1798, 2735, 4837, 6043, 12310]",bd80e3
Selenium,"black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes",78.9718,958,polyatomic nonmetal,4.81,Jöns Jakob Berzelius,494,25.363,,34,4,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium,,"Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds.",Se,16,4,"[2, 8, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4,194.9587,2.55,"[941, 2045, 2973.7, 4144, 6590, 7880, 14990]",ffa100
Bromine,,79.904,332,diatomic nonmetal,3.1028,Antoine Jérôme Balard,265.8,,,35,4,Liquid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine,,"Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning ""stench"") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826.",Br,17,4,"[2, 8, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5,324.537,2.96,"[1139.9, 2103, 3470, 4560, 5760, 8550, 9940, 18600]",a62929
Krypton,"colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field",83.7982,119.93,noble gas,3.749,William Ramsay,115.78,,,36,4,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Krypton_Spectrum.jpg,"Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos ""the hidden one"") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps.",Kr,18,4,"[2, 8, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6,[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6,-96,3,"[1350.8, 2350.4, 3565, 5070, 6240, 7570, 10710, 12138, 22274, 25880, 29700, 33800, 37700, 43100, 47500, 52200, 57100, 61800, 75800, 80400, 85300, 90400, 96300, 101400, 111100, 116290, 282500, 296200, 311400, 326200]",5cb8d1
Rubidium,grey white,85.46783,961,alkali metal,1.532,Robert Bunsen,312.45,31.06,,37,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium,,"Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, such as very rapid oxidation in air.",Rb,1,5,"[2, 8, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1,[Kr] 5s1,46.884,0.82,"[403, 2633, 3860, 5080, 6850, 8140, 9570, 13120, 14500, 26740]",702eb0
Strontium,,87.621,1650,alkaline earth metal,2.64,William Cruickshank (chemist),1050,26.4,,38,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium,,"Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when it is exposed to air.",Sr,2,5,"[2, 8, 18, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2,[Kr] 5s2,5.023,0.95,"[549.5, 1064.2, 4138, 5500, 6910, 8760, 10230, 11800, 15600, 17100, 31270]",00ff00
Yttrium,silvery white,88.905842,3203,transition metal,4.472,Johan Gadolin,1799,26.53,,39,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium,,"Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a ""rare earth element"". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element.",Y,3,5,"[2, 8, 18, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1,[Kr] 4d1 5s2,29.6,1.22,"[600, 1180, 1980, 5847, 7430, 8970, 11190, 12450, 14110, 18400, 19900, 36090]",94ffff
Zirconium,silvery white,91.2242,4650,transition metal,6.52,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,2128,25.36,,40,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium,,"Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning ""gold-colored"".",Zr,4,5,"[2, 8, 18, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2,[Kr] 4d2 5s2,41.806,1.33,"[640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752, 9500]",94e0e0
Niobium,"gray metallic, bluish when oxidized",92.906372,5017,transition metal,8.57,Charles Hatchett,2750,24.6,,41,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium,,"Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum.",Nb,5,5,"[2, 8, 18, 12, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4,[Kr] 4d4 5s1,88.516,1.6,"[652.1, 1380, 2416, 3700, 4877, 9847, 12100]",73c2c9
Molybdenum,gray metallic,95.951,4912,transition metal,10.28,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,2896,24.06,,42,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum,,"Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.",Mo,6,5,"[2, 8, 18, 13, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d5,[Kr] 4d5 5s1,72.1,2.16,"[684.3, 1560, 2618, 4480, 5257, 6640.8, 12125, 13860, 15835, 17980, 20190, 22219, 26930, 29196, 52490, 55000, 61400, 67700, 74000, 80400, 87000, 93400, 98420, 104400, 121900, 127700, 133800, 139800, 148100, 154500]",54b5b5
Technetium,shiny gray metal,98,4538,transition metal,11,Emilio Segrè,2430,24.27,,43,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium,,"Technetium (/tɛkˈniːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in nature.",Tc,7,5,"[2, 8, 18, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5,[Kr] 4d5 5s2,53,1.9,"[702, 1470, 2850]",3b9e9e
Ruthenium,silvery white metallic,101.072,4423,transition metal,12.45,Karl Ernst Claus,2607,24.06,,44,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium,,"Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals.",Ru,8,5,"[2, 8, 18, 15, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7,[Kr] 4d7 5s1,100.96,2.2,"[710.2, 1620, 2747]",248f8f
Rhodium,silvery white metallic,102.905502,3968,transition metal,12.41,William Hyde Wollaston,2237,24.98,,45,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium,,"Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group.",Rh,9,5,"[2, 8, 18, 16, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d8,[Kr] 4d8 5s1,110.27,2.28,"[719.7, 1740, 2997]",0a7d8c
Palladium,silvery white,106.421,3236,transition metal,12.023,William Hyde Wollaston,1828.05,25.98,,46,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium,,"Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas.",Pd,10,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10,[Kr] 4d10,54.24,2.2,"[804.4, 1870, 3177]",6985
Silver,lustrous white metal,107.86822,2435,transition metal,10.49,"unknown, before 5000 BC",1234.93,25.35,,47,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver,,"Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:άργυρος árguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for ""grey"" or ""shining"") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.",Ag,11,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10,[Kr] 4d10 5s1,125.862,1.93,"[731, 2070, 3361]",c0c0c0
Cadmium,silvery bluish-gray metallic,112.4144,1040,transition metal,8.65,Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann,594.22,26.02,Isotopes of cadmium,48,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium,,"Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals.",Cd,12,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10,[Kr] 4d10 5s2,-68,1.69,"[867.8, 1631.4, 3616]",ffd98f
Indium,silvery lustrous gray,114.8181,2345,post-transition metal,7.31,Ferdinand Reich,429.7485,26.74,,49,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium,,"Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin.",In,13,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1,37.043,1.78,"[558.3, 1820.7, 2704, 5210]",a67573
Tin,"silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)",118.7107,2875,post-transition metal,7.365,"unknown, before 3500 BC",505.08,27.112,,50,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin,,"Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4.",Sn,14,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2,107.2984,1.96,"[708.6, 1411.8, 2943, 3930.3, 7456]",668080
Antimony,silvery lustrous gray,121.7601,1908,metalloid,6.697,"unknown, before 3000 BC",903.78,25.23,,51,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony,,"Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery.",Sb,15,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3,101.059,2.05,"[834, 1594.9, 2440, 4260, 5400, 10400]",9e63b5
Tellurium,,127.603,1261,metalloid,6.24,Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein,722.66,25.73,,52,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium,,"Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur.",Te,16,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4,190.161,2.1,"[869.3, 1790, 2698, 3610, 5668, 6820, 13200]",d47a00
Iodine,"lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas",126.904473,457.4,diatomic nonmetal,4.933,Bernard Courtois,386.85,,,53,5,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine,,"Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition, and industrially in the production of acetic acid and certain polymers.",I,17,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5,295.1531,2.66,"[1008.4, 1845.9, 3180]",940094
Xenon,"colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field",131.2936,165.051,noble gas,5.894,William Ramsay,161.4,,,54,5,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xenon_Spectrum.jpg,"Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized.",Xe,18,5,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6,[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6,-77,2.6,"[1170.4, 2046.4, 3099.4]",429eb0
Cesium,silvery gold,132.905452,944,alkali metal,1.93,Robert Bunsen,301.7,32.21,,55,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesium,,"Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium.",Cs,1,6,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1,[Xe] 6s1,45.505,0.79,"[375.7, 2234.3, 3400]",57178f
Barium,,137.3277,2118,alkaline earth metal,3.51,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,1000,28.07,,56,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium,,"Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element.",Ba,2,6,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2,[Xe] 6s2,13.954,0.89,"[502.9, 965.2, 3600]",00c900
Lanthanum,silvery white,138.905477,3737,lanthanide,6.162,Carl Gustaf Mosander,1193,27.11,,57,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum,,"Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave its name to the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table:it is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals.",La,3,9,"[2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1,[Xe] 5d16s2,53,1.1,"[538.1, 1067, 1850.3, 4819, 5940]",70d4ff
Cerium,silvery white,140.1161,3716,lanthanide,6.77,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,1068,26.94,,58,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium,,"Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture).",Ce,4,9,"[2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f1,[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2,55,1.12,"[534.4, 1050, 1949, 3547, 6325, 7490]",ffffc7
Praseodymium,grayish white,140.907662,3403,lanthanide,6.77,Carl Auer von Welsbach,1208,27.2,,59,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium,,"Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.",Pr,5,9,"[2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f3,[Xe] 4f3 6s2,93,1.13,"[527, 1020, 2086, 3761, 5551]",d9ffc7
Neodymium,silvery white,144.2423,3347,lanthanide,7.01,Carl Auer von Welsbach,1297,27.45,,60,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium,,Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach.,Nd,6,9,"[2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4,[Xe] 4f4 6s2,184.87,1.14,"[533.1, 1040, 2130, 3900]",c7ffc7
Promethium,metallic,145,3273,lanthanide,7.26,Chien Shiung Wu,1315,,Isotopes of promethium,61,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promethium,,"Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements.",Pm,7,9,"[2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f5,[Xe] 4f5 6s2,12.45,1.13,"[540, 1050, 2150, 3970]",a3ffc7
Samarium,silvery white,150.362,2173,lanthanide,7.52,Lecoq de Boisbaudran,1345,29.54,,62,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium,,"Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3.",Sm,8,9,"[2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6,[Xe] 4f6 6s2,15.63,1.17,"[544.5, 1070, 2260, 3990]",8fffc7
Europium,,151.9641,1802,lanthanide,5.264,Eugène-Anatole Demarçay,1099,27.66,,63,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium,,"Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water.",Eu,9,9,"[2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7,[Xe] 4f7 6s2,11.2,1.2,"[547.1, 1085, 2404, 4120]",61ffc7
Gadolinium,silvery white,157.253,3273,lanthanide,7.9,Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac,1585,37.03,,64,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium,,"Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form.",Gd,10,9,"[2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1,[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2,13.22,1.2,"[593.4, 1170, 1990, 4250]",45ffc7
Terbium,silvery white,158.925352,3396,lanthanide,8.23,Carl Gustaf Mosander,1629,28.91,,65,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium,,"Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite.",Tb,11,9,"[2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f9,[Xe] 4f9 6s2,112.4,1.1,"[565.8, 1110, 2114, 3839]",30ffc7
Dysprosium,silvery white,162.5001,2840,lanthanide,8.54,Lecoq de Boisbaudran,1680,27.7,,66,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium,,"Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime.",Dy,12,9,"[2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10,[Xe] 4f10 6s2,33.96,1.22,"[573, 1130, 2200, 3990]",1fffc7
Holmium,silvery white,164.930332,2873,lanthanide,8.79,Marc Delafontaine,1734,27.15,,67,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmium,,"Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.",Ho,13,9,"[2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f11,[Xe] 4f11 6s2,32.61,1.23,"[581, 1140, 2204, 4100]",00ff9c
Erbium,silvery white,167.2593,3141,lanthanide,9.066,Carl Gustaf Mosander,1802,28.12,,68,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium,,"Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered.",Er,14,9,"[2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12,[Xe] 4f12 6s2,30.1,1.24,"[589.3, 1150, 2194, 4120]",00e675
Thulium,silvery gray,168.934222,2223,lanthanide,9.32,Per Teodor Cleve,1818,27.03,,69,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium,,"Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.",Tm,15,9,"[2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13,[Xe] 4f13 6s2,99,1.25,"[596.7, 1160, 2285, 4120]",00d452
Ytterbium,,173.0451,1469,lanthanide,6.9,Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac,1097,26.74,,70,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium,,"Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds.",Yb,16,9,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14,[Xe] 4f14 6s2,-1.93,1.1,"[603.4, 1174.8, 2417, 4203]",00bf38
Lutetium,silvery white,174.96681,3675,lanthanide,9.841,Georges Urbain,1925,26.86,,71,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutetium,,"Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths.",Lu,17,9,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d1,[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2,33.4,1.27,"[523.5, 1340, 2022.3, 4370, 6445]",00ab24
Hafnium,steel gray,178.492,4876,transition metal,13.31,Dirk Coster,2506,25.73,,72,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png,"Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later).",Hf,4,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2,[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2,17.18,1.3,"[658.5, 1440, 2250, 3216]",4dc2ff
Tantalum,gray blue,180.947882,5731,transition metal,16.69,Anders Gustaf Ekeberg,3290,25.36,,73,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tantalum_spectrum_visible.png,"Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.",Ta,5,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d3,[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2,31,1.5,"[761, 1500]",4da6ff
Tungsten,"grayish white, lustrous",183.841,6203,transition metal,19.25,Carl Wilhelm Scheele,3695,24.27,,74,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten,,"Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten.",W,6,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d4,[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2,78.76,2.36,"[770, 1700]",2194d6
Rhenium,silvery-grayish,186.2071,5869,transition metal,21.02,Masataka Ogawa,3459,25.48,Walter Noddack,75,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium,,"Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust.",Re,7,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d5,[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2,5.8273,1.9,"[760, 1260, 2510, 3640]",267dab
Osmium,"silvery, blue cast",190.233,5285,transition metal,22.59,Smithson Tennant,3306,24.7,,76,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium,,"Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning ""smell"") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3.",Os,8,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d6,[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2,103.99,2.2,"[840, 1600]",266696
Iridium,silvery white,192.2173,4403,transition metal,22.56,Smithson Tennant,2719,25.1,,77,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium,,"Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable.",Ir,9,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7,[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2,150.94,2.2,"[880, 1600]",175487
Platinum,silvery white,195.0849,4098,transition metal,21.45,Antonio de Ulloa,2041.4,25.86,,78,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum,,"Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into ""little silver"".",Pt,10,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d9,[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1,205.041,2.28,"[870, 1791]",d0d0e0
Gold,metallic yellow,196.9665695,3243,transition metal,19.3,Middle East,1337.33,25.418,,79,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold,,"Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element.",Au,11,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1,222.747,2.54,"[890.1, 1980]",ffd123
Mercury,silvery,200.5923,629.88,transition metal,13.534,"unknown, before 2000 BCE",234.321,27.983,,80,6,Liquid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury (Element),,"Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature.",Hg,12,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2,-48,2,"[1007.1, 1810, 3300]",b8b8d0
Thallium,silvery white,204.38,1746,post-transition metal,11.85,William Crookes,577,26.32,,81,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium,,"Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air.",Tl,13,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1,36.4,1.62,"[589.4, 1971, 2878]",a6544d
Lead,metallic gray,207.21,2022,post-transition metal,11.34,Middle East,600.61,26.65,,82,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(element),,"Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air.",Pb,14,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2,34.4204,1.87,"[715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5, 4083, 6640]",575961
Bismuth,lustrous silver,208.980401,1837,post-transition metal,9.78,Claude François Geoffroy,544.7,25.52,,83,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth,,"Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores.",Bi,15,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3,90.924,2.02,"[703, 1610, 2466, 4370, 5400, 8520]",9e4fb5
Polonium,silvery,209,1235,post-transition metal,9.196,Pierre Curie,527,26.4,,84,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium,,"Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few.",Po,16,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4,136,2,[812.1],ab5c00
Astatine,"unknown, probably metallic",210,610,metalloid,6.35,Dale R. Corson,575,,,85,6,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine,,"Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours.",At,17,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5,233,2.2,[899.003],754f45
Radon,"colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes",222,211.5,noble gas,9.73,Friedrich Ernst Dorn,202,,,86,6,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radon_spectrum.png,"Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.",Rn,18,6,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6,[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6,-68,2.2,[1037],428296
Francium,,223,950,alkali metal,1.87,Marguerite Perey,300,,,87,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium,,"Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon.",Fr,1,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1,[Rn] 7s1,46.89,0.79,[380],420066
Radium,silvery white metallic,226,2010,alkaline earth metal,5.5,Pierre Curie,1233,,,88,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium,,"Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra3N2).",Ra,2,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2,[Rn] 7s2,9.6485,0.9,"[509.3, 979]",007d00
Actinium,,227,3500,actinide,10,Friedrich Oskar Giesel,1500,27.2,,89,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium,,"Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902.",Ac,3,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d1,[Rn] 6d1 7s2,33.77,1.1,"[499, 1170]",70abfa
Thorium,"silvery, often with black tarnish",232.03774,5061,actinide,11.724,Jöns Jakob Berzelius,2023,26.23,,90,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium,,"Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other being uranium). It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian Reverend and amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.",Th,4,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d2,[Rn] 6d2 7s2,112.72,1.3,"[587, 1110, 1930, 2780]",00baff
Protactinium,"bright, silvery metallic luster",231.035882,4300,actinide,15.37,William Crookes,1841,,Otto Hahn,91,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium,,"Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states.",Pa,5,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f2 6d1,[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2,53.03,1.5,[568],00a1ff
Uranium,,238.028913,4404,actinide,19.1,Martin Heinrich Klaproth,1405.3,27.665,,92,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium,,"Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons.",U,6,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f3 6d1,[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2,50.94,1.38,"[597.6, 1420]",008fff
Neptunium,silvery metallic,237,4447,actinide,20.45,Edwin McMillan,912,29.46,,93,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium,,"Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus.",Np,7,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f4 6d1,[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2,45.85,1.36,[604.5],0080ff
Plutonium,"silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air",244,3505,actinide,19.816,Glenn T. Seaborg,912.5,35.5,,94,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium,,"Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states.",Pu,8,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f6,[Rn] 5f6 7s2,-48.33,1.28,[584.7],006bff
Americium,silvery white,243,2880,actinide,12,Glenn T. Seaborg,1449,62.7,,95,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Americium_spectrum_visible.png,"Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the actinide series is located in the periodic table under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T.Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the metallurgical laboratory of University of Chicago.",Am,9,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7,[Rn] 5f7 7s2,9.93,1.13,[578],545cf2
Curium,"silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark",247,3383,actinide,13.51,Glenn T. Seaborg,1613,,,96,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium,,"Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley.",Cm,10,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7 6d1,[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2,27.17,1.28,[581],785ce3
Berkelium,silvery,247,2900,actinide,14.78,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1259,,,97,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium,,"Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949.",Bk,11,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f9,[Rn] 5f9 7s2,-165.24,1.3,[601],8a4fe3
Californium,silvery,251,1743,actinide,15.1,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1173,,,98,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium,,"Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium).",Cf,12,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f10,[Rn] 5f10 7s2,-97.31,1.3,[608],a136d4
Einsteinium,silver-colored,252,1269,actinide,8.84,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1133,,,99,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium,,"Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein.",Es,13,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f11,[Rn] 5f11 7s2,-28.6,1.3,[619],b31fd4
Fermium,,257,,actinide,,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1800,,,100,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium,,"Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared.",Fm,14,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f12,[Rn] 5f12 7s2,33.96,1.3,[627],b31fba
Mendelevium,,258,,actinide,,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1100,,,101,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium,,"Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the antepenultimate actinide and the ninth transuranic element.",Md,15,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f13,[Rn] 5f13 7s2,93.91,1.3,[635],b30da6
Nobelium,,259,,actinide,,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,1100,,,102,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium,,"Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series.",No,16,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14,[Rn] 5f14 7s2,-223.22,1.3,[642],bd0d87
Lawrencium,,266,,actinide,,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,1900,,,103,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencium,,"Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal, lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of the actinide series.",Lr,17,10,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 7p1,[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1,-30.04,1.3,[470],c70066
Rutherfordium,,267,5800,transition metal,23.2,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,2400,,,104,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordium,,"Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements.",Rf,4,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d2,[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2,,,[580],cc0059
Dubnium,,268,,transition metal,29.3,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,,,,105,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium,,"Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours.",Db,5,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d3,*[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2,,,[],d1004f
Seaborgium,,269,,transition metal,35,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,,,,106,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium,,Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life (ca.,Sg,6,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d4,*[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2,,,[],d90045
Bohrium,,270,,transition metal,37.1,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,107,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium,,"Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 270Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds.",Bh,7,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d5,*[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2,,,[],e00038
Hassium,,269,,transition metal,40.7,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,126,,,108,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium,,"Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds, although an unconfirmed metastable state, 277mHs, may have a longer half-life of about 130 seconds. More than 100 atoms of hassium have been synthesized to date.",Hs,8,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d6,*[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2,,,[],e6002e
Meitnerium,,278,,"unknown, probably transition metal",37.4,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,109,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium,,"Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds.",Mt,9,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d7,*[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2,,,[],eb0026
Darmstadtium,,281,,"unknown, probably transition metal",34.8,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,110,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadtium,,"Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds.",Ds,10,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d8,*[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1,,,[],
Roentgenium,,282,,"unknown, probably transition metal",28.7,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,111,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium,,"Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany.",Rg,11,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d9,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1,151,,[],
Copernicium,,285,3570,transition metal,23.7,Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung,,,,112,7,Gas,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicium,,"Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 29 seconds, but it is possible that this copernicium isotope may have a nuclear isomer with a longer half-life, 8.9 min.",Cn,12,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2,,,[],
Nihonium,,286,1430,"unknown, probably transition metal",16,RIKEN,700,,,113,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununtrium,,"Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of 20 seconds.",Nh,13,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p1,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1,66.6,,[],
Flerovium,,289,420,post-transition metal,14,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,340,,,114,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerovium,,"Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998.",Fl,14,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2,,,[],
Moscovium,,289,1400,"unknown, probably post-transition metal",13.5,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,670,,,115,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium,,"Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotope, moscovium-289, has a half-life of only 220 milliseconds. It is also known as eka-bismuth or simply element 115.",Mc,15,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p3,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3,35.3,,[],
Livermorium,,293,1085,"unknown, probably post-transition metal",12.9,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,709,,,116,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium,,"Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium in 2000.",Lv,16,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p4,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4,74.9,,[],
Tennessine,,294,883,"unknown, probably metalloid",7.17,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,723,,,117,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessine,,"Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. As of 2016, fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed:six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014.",Ts,17,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p5,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5,165.9,,[],
Oganesson,,294,350,"unknown, predicted to be noble gas",4.95,Joint Institute for Nuclear Research,,,,118,7,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson,,"Oganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Oganesson is currently the only synthetic member of group 18.",Og,18,7,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6,*[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6,5.40318,,[],
Ununennium,,315,630,"unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal",3,GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research,,,,119,8,Solid,https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununennium,,"Ununennium, also known as eka-francium or simply element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119. Ununennium and Uue are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkali metal, and the first element in the eighth period.",Uue,1,8,"[2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 1]",1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6 8s1,*[Uuo] 8s1,63.87,,[],
1 name appearance atomic_mass boil category color density discovered_by melt molar_heat named_by number period phase source spectral_img summary symbol xpos ypos shells electron_configuration electron_configuration_semantic electron_affinity electronegativity_pauling ionization_energies cpk-hex
2 Hydrogen colorless gas 1.008 20.271 diatomic nonmetal 0.08988 Henry Cavendish 13.99 28.836 Antoine Lavoisier 1 1 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hydrogen_Spectra.jpg Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. H 1 1 [1] 1s1 1s1 72.769 2.2 [1312] ffffff
3 Helium colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field 4.0026022 4.222 noble gas 0.1786 Pierre Janssen 0.95 2 1 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Helium_spectrum.jpg Helium is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table. Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements. He 18 1 [2] 1s2 1s2 -48.0 -48 [2372.3, 5250.5] d9ffff
4 Lithium silvery-white 6.94 1603.0 1603 alkali metal 0.534 Johan August Arfwedson 453.65 24.86 3 2 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium Lithium (from Greek:λίθος lithos, "stone") is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silver-white metal belonging to the alkali metal group of chemical elements. Under standard conditions it is the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. Li 1 2 [2, 1] 1s2 2s1 [He] 2s1 59.6326 0.98 [520.2, 7298.1, 11815] cc80ff
5 Beryllium white-gray metallic 9.01218315 2742.0 2742 alkaline earth metal 1.85 Louis Nicolas Vauquelin 1560.0 1560 16.443 4 2 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryllium Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4. It is created through stellar nucleosynthesis and is a relatively rare element in the universe. It is a divalent element which occurs naturally only in combination with other elements in minerals. Be 2 2 [2, 2] 1s2 2s2 [He] 2s2 -48.0 -48 1.57 [899.5, 1757.1, 14848.7, 21006.6] c2ff00
6 Boron black-brown 10.81 4200.0 4200 metalloid 2.08 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac 2349.0 2349 11.087 5 2 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron Boron is a metalloid chemical element with symbol B and atomic number 5. Produced entirely by cosmic ray spallation and supernovae and not by stellar nucleosynthesis, it is a low-abundance element in both the Solar system and the Earth's crust. Boron is concentrated on Earth by the water-solubility of its more common naturally occurring compounds, the borate minerals. B 13 2 [2, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p1 [He] 2s2 2p1 26.989 2.04 [800.6, 2427.1, 3659.7, 25025.8, 32826.7] ffb5b5
7 Carbon 12.011 polyatomic nonmetal 1.821 Ancient Egypt 8.517 6 2 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carbon_Spectra.jpg Carbon (from Latin:carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. On the periodic table, it is the first (row 2) of six elements in column (group) 14, which have in common the composition of their outer electron shell. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. C 14 2 [2, 4] 1s2 2s2 2p2 [He] 2s2 2p2 121.7763 2.55 [1086.5, 2352.6, 4620.5, 6222.7, 37831, 47277] 909090
8 Nitrogen colorless gas, liquid or solid 14.007 77.355 diatomic nonmetal 1.251 Daniel Rutherford 63.15 Jean-Antoine Chaptal 7 2 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nitrogen_Spectra.jpg Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7. It is the lightest pnictogen and at room temperature, it is a transparent, odorless diatomic gas. Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. N 15 2 [2, 5] 1s2 2s2 2p3 [He] 2s2 2p3 -6.8 3.04 [1402.3, 2856, 4578.1, 7475, 9444.9, 53266.6, 64360] 3050f8
9 Oxygen 15.999 90.188 diatomic nonmetal 1.429 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 54.36 Antoine Lavoisier 8 2 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oxygen_spectre.jpg Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and is a highly reactive nonmetal and oxidizing agent that readily forms compounds (notably oxides) with most elements. By mass, oxygen is the third-most abundant element in the universe, after hydrogen and helium. O 16 2 [2, 6] 1s2 2s2 2p4 [He] 2s2 2p4 140.976 3.44 [1313.9, 3388.3, 5300.5, 7469.2, 10989.5, 13326.5, 71330, 84078] ff0d0d
10 Fluorine 18.9984031636 18.99840316 85.03 diatomic nonmetal 1.696 André-Marie Ampère 53.48 Humphry Davy 9 2 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists as a highly toxic pale yellow diatomic gas at standard conditions. As the most electronegative element, it is extremely reactive:almost all other elements, including some noble gases, form compounds with fluorine. F 17 2 [2, 7] 1s2 2s2 2p5 [He] 2s2 2p5 328.1649 3.98 [1681, 3374.2, 6050.4, 8407.7, 11022.7, 15164.1, 17868, 92038.1, 106434.3] 90e050 9.00E+51
11 Neon colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field 20.17976 27.104 noble gas 0.9002 Morris Travers 24.56 10 2 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Neon_spectra.jpg Neon is a chemical element with symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is in group 18 (noble gases) of the periodic table. Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. Ne 18 2 [2, 8] 1s2 2s2 2p6 [He] 2s2 2p6 -116.0 -116 [2080.7, 3952.3, 6122, 9371, 12177, 15238, 19999, 23069.5, 115379.5, 131432] b3e3f5
12 Sodium silvery white metallic 22.989769282 22.98976928 1156.09 alkali metal 0.968 Humphry Davy 370.944 28.23 11 3 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_Spectra.jpg Sodium /ˈsoʊdiəm/ is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Ancient Greek Νάτριο) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silver-white, highly reactive metal. In the Periodic table it is in column 1 (alkali metals), and shares with the other six elements in that column that it has a single electron in its outer shell, which it readily donates, creating a positively charged atom - a cation. Na 1 3 [2, 8, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 [Ne] 3s1 52.867 0.93 [495.8, 4562, 6910.3, 9543, 13354, 16613, 20117, 25496, 28932, 141362, 159076] ab5cf2
13 Magnesium shiny grey solid 24.305 1363.0 1363 alkaline earth metal 1.738 Joseph Black 923.0 923 24.869 12 3 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Magnesium_Spectra.jpg Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray solid which bears a close physical resemblance to the other five elements in the second column (Group 2, or alkaline earth metals) of the periodic table:they each have the same electron configuration in their outer electron shell producing a similar crystal structure. Magnesium is the ninth most abundant element in the universe. Mg 2 3 [2, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 [Ne] 3s2 -40.0 -40 1.31 [737.7, 1450.7, 7732.7, 10542.5, 13630, 18020, 21711, 25661, 31653, 35458, 169988, 189368] 8aff00
14 Aluminium silvery gray metallic 26.98153857 2743.0 2743 post-transition metal 2.7 933.47 24.2 Humphry Davy 13 3 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium Aluminium (or aluminum; see different endings) is a chemical element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13. It is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic, ductile metal. Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. Al 13 3 [2, 8, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 [Ne] 3s2 3p1 41.762 1.61 [577.5, 1816.7, 2744.8, 11577, 14842, 18379, 23326, 27465, 31853, 38473, 42647, 201266, 222316] bfa6a6
15 Silicon crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces 28.085 3538.0 3538 metalloid 2.329 Jöns Jacob Berzelius 1687.0 1687 19.789 Thomas Thomson (chemist) 14 3 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Silicon_Spectra.jpg Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the table. Controversy about silicon's character dates to its discovery. Si 14 3 [2, 8, 4] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 [Ne] 3s2 3p2 134.0684 1.9 [786.5, 1577.1, 3231.6, 4355.5, 16091, 19805, 23780, 29287, 33878, 38726, 45962, 50502, 235196, 257923] f0c8a0
16 Phosphorus colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black 30.9737619985 30.973762 polyatomic nonmetal 1.823 Hennig Brand 23.824 15 3 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorus Phosphorus is a chemical element with symbol P and atomic number 15. As an element, phosphorus exists in two major forms—white phosphorus and red phosphorus—but due to its high reactivity, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. Instead phosphorus-containing minerals are almost always present in their maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks. P 15 3 [2, 8, 5] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 [Ne] 3s2 3p3 72.037 2.19 [1011.8, 1907, 2914.1, 4963.6, 6273.9, 21267, 25431, 29872, 35905, 40950, 46261, 54110, 59024, 271791, 296195] ff8000
17 Sulfur lemon yellow sintered microcrystals 32.06 717.8 polyatomic nonmetal 2.07 Ancient china 388.36 22.75 16 3 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sulfur_Spectrum.jpg Sulfur or sulphur (see spelling differences) is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. S 16 3 [2, 8, 6] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 [Ne] 3s2 3p4 200.4101 2.58 [999.6, 2252, 3357, 4556, 7004.3, 8495.8, 27107, 31719, 36621, 43177, 48710, 54460, 62930, 68216, 311048, 337138] ffff30
18 Chlorine pale yellow-green gas 35.45 239.11 diatomic nonmetal 3.2 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 171.6 17 3 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. It also has a relative atomic mass of 35.5. Chlorine is in the halogen group (17) and is the second lightest halogen following fluorine. Cl 17 3 [2, 8, 7] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 [Ne] 3s2 3p5 348.575 3.16 [1251.2, 2298, 3822, 5158.6, 6542, 9362, 11018, 33604, 38600, 43961, 51068, 57119, 63363, 72341, 78095, 352994, 380760] 1ff01f
19 Argon colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field 39.9481 87.302 noble gas 1.784 Lord Rayleigh 83.81 18 3 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Argon_Spectrum.png Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18. It is in group 18 of the periodic table and is a noble gas. Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0.934% (9,340 ppmv), making it over twice as abundant as the next most common atmospheric gas, water vapor (which averages about 4000 ppmv, but varies greatly), and 23 times as abundant as the next most common non-condensing atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide (400 ppmv), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon (18 ppmv). Ar 18 3 [2, 8, 8] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 [Ne] 3s2 3p6 -96.0 -96 [1520.6, 2665.8, 3931, 5771, 7238, 8781, 11995, 13842, 40760, 46186, 52002, 59653, 66199, 72918, 82473, 88576, 397605, 427066] 80d1e3
20 Potassium silvery gray 39.09831 1032.0 1032 alkali metal 0.862 Humphry Davy 336.7 29.6 19 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Potassium_Spectrum.jpg Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (derived from Neo-Latin, kalium) and atomic number 19. It was first isolated from potash, the ashes of plants, from which its name is derived. In the Periodic table, potassium is one of seven elements in column (group) 1 (alkali metals):they all have a single valence electron in their outer electron shell, which they readily give up to create an atom with a positive charge - a cation, and combine with anions to form salts. K 1 4 [2, 8, 8, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 [Ar] 4s1 48.383 0.82 [418.8, 3052, 4420, 5877, 7975, 9590, 11343, 14944, 16963.7, 48610, 54490, 60730, 68950, 75900, 83080, 93400, 99710, 444880, 476063] 8f40d4
21 Calcium 40.0784 1757.0 1757 alkaline earth metal 1.55 Humphry Davy 1115.0 1115 25.929 20 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium_Spectrum.png Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. The ion Ca2+ is also the fifth-most-abundant dissolved ion in seawater by both molarity and mass, after sodium, chloride, magnesium, and sulfate. Ca 2 4 [2, 8, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 [Ar] 4s2 2.37 1.0 1 [589.8, 1145.4, 4912.4, 6491, 8153, 10496, 12270, 14206, 18191, 20385, 57110, 63410, 70110, 78890, 86310, 94000, 104900, 111711, 494850, 527762] 3dff00
22 Scandium silvery white 44.9559085 3109.0 3109 transition metal 2.985 Lars Fredrik Nilson 1814.0 1814 25.52 21 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandium Scandium is a chemical element with symbol Sc and atomic number 21. A silvery-white metallic d-block element, it has historically been sometimes classified as a rare earth element, together with yttrium and the lanthanoids. It was discovered in 1879 by spectral analysis of the minerals euxenite and gadolinite from Scandinavia. Sc 3 4 [2, 8, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1 [Ar] 3d1 4s2 18.0 18 1.36 [633.1, 1235, 2388.6, 7090.6, 8843, 10679, 13310, 15250, 17370, 21726, 24102, 66320, 73010, 80160, 89490, 97400, 105600, 117000, 124270, 547530, 582163] e6e6e6
23 Titanium silvery grey-white metallic 47.8671 3560.0 3560 transition metal 4.506 William Gregor 1941.0 1941 25.06 Martin Heinrich Klaproth 22 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It is a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density and high strength. It is highly resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia and chlorine. Ti 4 4 [2, 8, 10, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2 [Ar] 3d2 4s2 7.289 1.54 [658.8, 1309.8, 2652.5, 4174.6, 9581, 11533, 13590, 16440, 18530, 20833, 25575, 28125, 76015, 83280, 90880, 100700, 109100, 117800, 129900, 137530, 602930, 639294] bfc2c7
24 Vanadium blue-silver-grey metal 50.94151 3680.0 3680 transition metal 6.0 6 Andrés Manuel del Río 2183.0 2183 24.89 Isotopes of vanadium 23 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal. The element is found only in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. V 5 4 [2, 8, 11, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3 [Ar] 3d3 4s2 50.911 1.63 [650.9, 1414, 2830, 4507, 6298.7, 12363, 14530, 16730, 19860, 22240, 24670, 29730, 32446, 86450, 94170, 102300, 112700, 121600, 130700, 143400, 151440, 661050, 699144] a6a6ab
25 Chromium silvery metallic 51.99616 2944.0 2944 transition metal 7.19 Louis Nicolas Vauquelin 2180.0 2180 23.35 24 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard and brittle metal which takes a high polish, resists tarnishing, and has a high melting point. Cr 6 4 [2, 8, 13, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 [Ar] 3d5 4s1 65.21 1.66 [652.9, 1590.6, 2987, 4743, 6702, 8744.9, 15455, 17820, 20190, 23580, 26130, 28750, 34230, 37066, 97510, 105800, 114300, 125300, 134700, 144300, 157700, 166090, 721870, 761733] 8a99c7
26 Manganese silvery metallic 54.9380443 2334.0 2334 transition metal 7.21 Torbern Olof Bergman 1519.0 1519 26.32 25 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is not found as a free element in nature; it is often found in combination with iron, and in many minerals. Manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. Mn 7 4 [2, 8, 13, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5 [Ar] 3d5 4s2 -50.0 -50 1.55 [717.3, 1509, 3248, 4940, 6990, 9220, 11500, 18770, 21400, 23960, 27590, 30330, 33150, 38880, 41987, 109480, 118100, 127100, 138600, 148500, 158600, 172500, 181380, 785450, 827067] 9c7ac7
27 Iron lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge 55.8452 3134.0 3134 transition metal 7.874 5000 BC 1811.0 1811 25.1 26 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Iron_Spectrum.jpg Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from Latin:ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is by mass the most common element on Earth, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. Fe 8 4 [2, 8, 14, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 [Ar] 3d6 4s2 14.785 1.83 [762.5, 1561.9, 2957, 5290, 7240, 9560, 12060, 14580, 22540, 25290, 28000, 31920, 34830, 37840, 44100, 47206, 122200, 131000, 140500, 152600, 163000, 173600, 188100, 195200, 851800, 895161] e06633
28 Cobalt hard lustrous gray metal 58.9331944 3200.0 3200 transition metal metallic gray 8.9 Georg Brandt 1768.0 1768 24.81 27 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. Like nickel, cobalt in the Earth's crust is found only in chemically combined form, save for small deposits found in alloys of natural meteoric iron. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal. Co 9 4 [2, 8, 15, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7 [Ar] 3d7 4s2 63.898 1.88 [760.4, 1648, 3232, 4950, 7670, 9840, 12440, 15230, 17959, 26570, 29400, 32400, 36600, 39700, 42800, 49396, 52737, 134810, 145170, 154700, 167400, 178100, 189300, 204500, 214100, 920870, 966023] f090a0
29 Nickel lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge 58.69344 3003.0 3003 transition metal 8.908 Axel Fredrik Cronstedt 1728.0 1728 26.07 28 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel Nickel is a chemical element with symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. Ni 10 4 [2, 8, 16, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 [Ar] 3d8 4s2 111.65 1.91 [737.1, 1753, 3395, 5300, 7339, 10400, 12800, 15600, 18600, 21670, 30970, 34000, 37100, 41500, 44800, 48100, 55101, 58570, 148700, 159000, 169400, 182700, 194000, 205600, 221400, 231490, 992718, 1039668] 50d050
30 Copper red-orange metallic luster 63.5463 2835.0 2835 transition metal 8.96 Middle East 1357.77 24.44 29 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin:cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a reddish-orange color. Cu 11 4 [2, 8, 18, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 [Ar] 3d10 4s1 119.235 1.9 [745.5, 1957.9, 3555, 5536, 7700, 9900, 13400, 16000, 19200, 22400, 25600, 35600, 38700, 42000, 46700, 50200, 53700, 61100, 64702, 163700, 174100, 184900, 198800, 210500, 222700, 239100, 249660, 1067358, 1116105] c88033
31 Zinc silver-gray 65.382 1180.0 1180 transition metal 7.14 India 692.68 25.47 30 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc Zinc, in commerce also spelter, is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element of group 12 of the periodic table. In some respects zinc is chemically similar to magnesium:its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2. Zn 12 4 [2, 8, 18, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 -58.0 -58 1.65 [906.4, 1733.3, 3833, 5731, 7970, 10400, 12900, 16800, 19600, 23000, 26400, 29990, 40490, 43800, 47300, 52300, 55900, 59700, 67300, 71200, 179100] 7d80b0
32 Gallium silver-white 69.7231 2673.0 2673 post-transition metal 5.91 Lecoq de Boisbaudran 302.9146 25.86 31 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium Gallium is a chemical element with symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Elemental gallium does not occur in free form in nature, but as the gallium(III) compounds that are in trace amounts in zinc ores and in bauxite. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal, and elemental gallium is a brittle solid at low temperatures, and melts at 29.76 °C (85.57 °F) (slightly above room temperature). Ga 13 4 [2, 8, 18, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 41.0 41 1.81 [578.8, 1979.3, 2963, 6180] c28f8f
33 Germanium grayish-white 72.6308 3106.0 3106 metalloid 5.323 Clemens Winkler 1211.4 23.222 32 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon. Ge 14 4 [2, 8, 18, 4] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 118.9352 2.01 [762, 1537.5, 3302.1, 4411, 9020] 668f8f
34 Arsenic metallic grey 74.9215956 metalloid 5.727 Bronze Age 24.64 33 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic Arsenic is a chemical element with symbol As and atomic number 33. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. Arsenic is a metalloid. As 15 4 [2, 8, 18, 5] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3 77.65 2.18 [947, 1798, 2735, 4837, 6043, 12310] bd80e3
35 Selenium black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes 78.9718 958.0 958 polyatomic nonmetal 4.81 Jöns Jakob Berzelius 494.0 494 25.363 34 4 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium Selenium is a chemical element with symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal with properties that are intermediate between those of its periodic table column-adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium. It rarely occurs in its elemental state in nature, or as pure ore compounds. Se 16 4 [2, 8, 18, 6] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4 194.9587 2.55 [941, 2045, 2973.7, 4144, 6590, 7880, 14990] ffa100
36 Bromine 79.904 332.0 332 diatomic nonmetal 3.1028 Antoine Jérôme Balard 265.8 35 4 Liquid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromine Bromine (from Ancient Greek:βρῶμος, brómos, meaning "stench") is a chemical element with symbol Br, and atomic number 35. It is a halogen. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826. Br 17 4 [2, 8, 18, 7] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 324.537 2.96 [1139.9, 2103, 3470, 4560, 5760, 8550, 9940, 18600] a62929
37 Krypton colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field 83.7982 119.93 noble gas 3.749 William Ramsay 115.78 36 4 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krypton https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Krypton_Spectrum.jpg Krypton (from Greek:κρυπτός kryptos "the hidden one") is a chemical element with symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a member of group 18 (noble gases) elements. A colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, krypton occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionally distilling liquefied air, and is often used with other rare gases in fluorescent lamps. Kr 18 4 [2, 8, 18, 8] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6 -96.0 -96 3.0 3 [1350.8, 2350.4, 3565, 5070, 6240, 7570, 10710, 12138, 22274, 25880, 29700, 33800, 37700, 43100, 47500, 52200, 57100, 61800, 75800, 80400, 85300, 90400, 96300, 101400, 111100, 116290, 282500, 296200, 311400, 326200] 5cb8d1
38 Rubidium grey white 85.46783 961.0 961 alkali metal 1.532 Robert Bunsen 312.45 31.06 37 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium Rubidium is a chemical element with symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group, with an atomic mass of 85.4678. Elemental rubidium is highly reactive, with properties similar to those of other alkali metals, such as very rapid oxidation in air. Rb 1 5 [2, 8, 18, 8, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 [Kr] 5s1 46.884 0.82 [403, 2633, 3860, 5080, 6850, 8140, 9570, 13120, 14500, 26740] 702eb0
39 Strontium 87.621 1650.0 1650 alkaline earth metal 2.64 William Cruickshank (chemist) 1050.0 1050 26.4 38 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium Strontium is a chemical element with symbol Sr and atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when it is exposed to air. Sr 2 5 [2, 8, 18, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 [Kr] 5s2 5.023 0.95 [549.5, 1064.2, 4138, 5500, 6910, 8760, 10230, 11800, 15600, 17100, 31270] 00ff00
40 Yttrium silvery white 88.905842 3203.0 3203 transition metal 4.472 Johan Gadolin 1799.0 1799 26.53 39 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is never found in nature as a free element. Y 3 5 [2, 8, 18, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1 [Kr] 4d1 5s2 29.6 1.22 [600, 1180, 1980, 5847, 7430, 8970, 11190, 12450, 14110, 18400, 19900, 36090] 94ffff
41 Zirconium silvery white 91.2242 4650.0 4650 transition metal 6.52 Martin Heinrich Klaproth 2128.0 2128 25.36 40 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirconium Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40. The name of zirconium is taken from the name of the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium. The word zircon comes from the Persian word zargun زرگون, meaning "gold-colored". Zr 4 5 [2, 8, 18, 10, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2 [Kr] 4d2 5s2 41.806 1.33 [640.1, 1270, 2218, 3313, 7752, 9500] 94e0e0
42 Niobium gray metallic, bluish when oxidized 92.906372 5017.0 5017 transition metal 8.57 Charles Hatchett 2750.0 2750 24.6 41 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium Niobium, formerly columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral, the main commercial source for niobium, and columbite. The name comes from Greek mythology:Niobe, daughter of Tantalus since it is so similar to tantalum. Nb 5 5 [2, 8, 18, 12, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4 [Kr] 4d4 5s1 88.516 1.6 [652.1, 1380, 2416, 3700, 4877, 9847, 12100] 73c2c9
43 Molybdenum gray metallic 95.951 4912.0 4912 transition metal 10.28 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 2896.0 2896 24.06 42 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molybdenum Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals have been known throughout history, but the element was discovered (in the sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Mo 6 5 [2, 8, 18, 13, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d5 [Kr] 4d5 5s1 72.1 2.16 [684.3, 1560, 2618, 4480, 5257, 6640.8, 12125, 13860, 15835, 17980, 20190, 22219, 26930, 29196, 52490, 55000, 61400, 67700, 74000, 80400, 87000, 93400, 98420, 104400, 121900, 127700, 133800, 139800, 148100, 154500] 54b5b5
44 Technetium shiny gray metal 98.0 98 4538.0 4538 transition metal 11.0 11 Emilio Segrè 2430.0 2430 24.27 43 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium Technetium (/tɛkˈniːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the element with the lowest atomic number in the periodic table that has no stable isotopes:every form of it is radioactive. Nearly all technetium is produced synthetically, and only minute amounts are found in nature. Tc 7 5 [2, 8, 18, 13, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5 [Kr] 4d5 5s2 53.0 53 1.9 [702, 1470, 2850] 3b9e9e
45 Ruthenium silvery white metallic 101.072 4423.0 4423 transition metal 12.45 Karl Ernst Claus 2607.0 2607 24.06 44 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenium Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table. Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. Ru 8 5 [2, 8, 18, 15, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7 [Kr] 4d7 5s1 100.96 2.2 [710.2, 1620, 2747] 248f8f
46 Rhodium silvery white metallic 102.905502 3968.0 3968 transition metal 12.41 William Hyde Wollaston 2237.0 2237 24.98 45 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium Rhodium is a chemical element with symbol Rh and atomic number 45. It is a rare, silvery-white, hard, and chemically inert transition metal. It is a member of the platinum group. Rh 9 5 [2, 8, 18, 16, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d8 [Kr] 4d8 5s1 110.27 2.28 [719.7, 1740, 2997] 0a7d8c
47 Palladium silvery white 106.421 3236.0 3236 transition metal 12.023 William Hyde Wollaston 1828.05 25.98 46 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium Palladium is a chemical element with symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Pd 10 5 [2, 8, 18, 18] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 4d10 [Kr] 4d10 54.24 2.2 [804.4, 1870, 3177] 006985 6985
48 Silver lustrous white metal 107.86822 2435.0 2435 transition metal 10.49 unknown, before 5000 BC 1234.93 25.35 47 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (Greek:άργυρος árguros, Latin:argentum, both from the Indo-European root *h₂erǵ- for "grey" or "shining") and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it possesses the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. The metal occurs naturally in its pure, free form (native silver), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite. Ag 11 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 [Kr] 4d10 5s1 125.862 1.93 [731, 2070, 3361] c0c0c0
49 Cadmium silvery bluish-gray metallic 112.4144 1040.0 1040 transition metal 8.65 Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann 594.22 26.02 Isotopes of cadmium 48 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Like zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and like mercury it shows a low melting point compared to transition metals. Cd 12 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 -68.0 -68 1.69 [867.8, 1631.4, 3616] ffd98f
50 Indium silvery lustrous gray 114.8181 2345.0 2345 post-transition metal 7.31 Ferdinand Reich 429.7485 26.74 49 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indium Indium is a chemical element with symbol In and atomic number 49. It is a post-transition metallic element that is rare in Earth's crust. The metal is very soft, malleable and easily fusible, with a melting point higher than sodium, but lower than lithium or tin. In 13 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1 37.043 1.78 [558.3, 1820.7, 2704, 5210] a67573
51 Tin silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α) 118.7107 2875.0 2875 post-transition metal 7.365 unknown, before 3500 BC 505.08 27.112 50 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for Latin:stannum) and atomic number 50. It is a main group metal in group 14 of the periodic table. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both neighboring group-14 elements, germanium and lead, and has two possible oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Sn 14 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 4] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2 107.2984 1.96 [708.6, 1411.8, 2943, 3930.3, 7456] 668080
52 Antimony silvery lustrous gray 121.7601 1908.0 1908 metalloid 6.697 unknown, before 3000 BC 903.78 25.23 51 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony Antimony is a chemical element with symbol Sb (from Latin:stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were used for cosmetics; metallic antimony was also known, but it was erroneously identified as lead upon its discovery. Sb 15 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 5] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3 101.059 2.05 [834, 1594.9, 2440, 4260, 5400, 10400] 9e63b5
53 Tellurium 127.603 1261.0 1261 metalloid 6.24 Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein 722.66 25.73 52 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium Tellurium is a chemical element with symbol Te and atomic number 52. It is a brittle, mildly toxic, rare, silver-white metalloid. Tellurium is chemically related to selenium and sulfur. Te 16 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 6] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4 190.161 2.1 [869.3, 1790, 2698, 3610, 5668, 6820, 13200] d47a00
54 Iodine lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas 126.904473 457.4 diatomic nonmetal 4.933 Bernard Courtois 386.85 53 5 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is from Greek ἰοειδής ioeidēs, meaning violet or purple, due to the color of iodine vapor. Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition, and industrially in the production of acetic acid and certain polymers. I 17 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 7] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5 295.1531 2.66 [1008.4, 1845.9, 3180] 940094
55 Xenon colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field 131.2936 165.051 noble gas 5.894 William Ramsay 161.4 54 5 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Xenon_Spectrum.jpg Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a colorless, dense, odorless noble gas, that occurs in the Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, xenon can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the formation of xenon hexafluoroplatinate, the first noble gas compound to be synthesized. Xe 18 5 [2, 8, 18, 18, 8] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6 -77.0 -77 2.6 [1170.4, 2046.4, 3099.4] 429eb0
56 Cesium silvery gold 132.905451966 132.905452 944.0 944 alkali metal 1.93 Robert Bunsen 301.7 32.21 55 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesium Caesium or cesium is a chemical element with symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with a melting point of 28 °C (82 °F), which makes it one of only five elemental metals that are liquid at or near room temperature. Caesium is an alkali metal and has physical and chemical properties similar to those of rubidium and potassium. Cs 1 6 [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 [Xe] 6s1 45.505 0.79 [375.7, 2234.3, 3400] 57178f
57 Barium 137.3277 2118.0 2118 alkaline earth metal 3.51 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1000.0 1000 28.07 56 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity barium is never found in nature as a free element. Ba 2 6 [2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 [Xe] 6s2 13.954 0.89 [502.9, 965.2, 3600] 00c900
58 Lanthanum silvery white 138.905477 3737.0 3737 lanthanide 6.162 Carl Gustaf Mosander 1193.0 1193 27.11 57 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum Lanthanum is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metallic chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57. It tarnishes rapidly when exposed to air and is soft enough to be cut with a knife. It gave its name to the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table:it is also sometimes considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals. La 3 9 [2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 [Xe] 5d16s2 53.0 53 1.1 [538.1, 1067, 1850.3, 4819, 5940] 70d4ff
59 Cerium silvery white 140.1161 3716.0 3716 lanthanide 6.77 Martin Heinrich Klaproth 1068.0 1068 26.94 58 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium Cerium is a chemical element with symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet Ceres (itself named after the Roman goddess of agriculture). Ce 4 9 [2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 4f1 [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2 55.0 55 1.12 [534.4, 1050, 1949, 3547, 6325, 7490] ffffc7
60 Praseodymium grayish white 140.907662 3403.0 3403 lanthanide 6.77 Carl Auer von Welsbach 1208.0 1208 27.2 59 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praseodymium Praseodymium is a chemical element with symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Praseodymium is a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal in the lanthanide group. It is valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties. Pr 5 9 [2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f3 [Xe] 4f3 6s2 93.0 93 1.13 [527, 1020, 2086, 3761, 5551] d9ffc7
61 Neodymium silvery white 144.2423 3347.0 3347 lanthanide 7.01 Carl Auer von Welsbach 1297.0 1297 27.45 60 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neodymium Neodymium is a chemical element with symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. Nd 6 9 [2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4 [Xe] 4f4 6s2 184.87 1.14 [533.1, 1040, 2130, 3900] c7ffc7
62 Promethium metallic 145.0 145 3273.0 3273 lanthanide 7.26 Chien Shiung Wu 1315.0 1315 Isotopes of promethium 61 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promethium Promethium, originally prometheum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pm and atomic number 61. All of its isotopes are radioactive; it is one of only two such elements that are followed in the periodic table by elements with stable forms, a distinction shared with technetium. Chemically, promethium is a lanthanide, which forms salts when combined with other elements. Pm 7 9 [2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f5 [Xe] 4f5 6s2 12.45 1.13 [540, 1050, 2150, 3970] a3ffc7
63 Samarium silvery white 150.362 2173.0 2173 lanthanide 7.52 Lecoq de Boisbaudran 1345.0 1345 29.54 62 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarium Samarium is a chemical element with symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a moderately hard silvery metal that readily oxidizes in air. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, samarium usually assumes the oxidation state +3. Sm 8 9 [2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6 [Xe] 4f6 6s2 15.63 1.17 [544.5, 1070, 2260, 3990] 8fffc7
64 Europium 151.9641 1802.0 1802 lanthanide 5.264 Eugène-Anatole Demarçay 1099.0 1099 27.66 63 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europium Europium is a chemical element with symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard, silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water. Eu 9 9 [2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 [Xe] 4f7 6s2 11.2 1.2 [547.1, 1085, 2404, 4120] 61ffc7
65 Gadolinium silvery white 157.253 3273.0 3273 lanthanide 7.9 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac 1585.0 1585 37.03 64 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadolinium Gadolinium is a chemical element with symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined (salt) form. Gd 10 9 [2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1 [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2 13.22 1.2 [593.4, 1170, 1990, 4250] 45ffc7
66 Terbium silvery white 158.925352 3396.0 3396 lanthanide 8.23 Carl Gustaf Mosander 1629.0 1629 28.91 65 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terbium Terbium is a chemical element with symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife. Terbium is never found in nature as a free element, but it is contained in many minerals, including cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime and euxenite. Tb 11 9 [2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f9 [Xe] 4f9 6s2 112.4 1.1 [565.8, 1110, 2114, 3839] 30ffc7
67 Dysprosium silvery white 162.5001 2840.0 2840 lanthanide 8.54 Lecoq de Boisbaudran 1680.0 1680 27.7 66 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysprosium Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a rare earth element with a metallic silver luster. Dysprosium is never found in nature as a free element, though it is found in various minerals, such as xenotime. Dy 12 9 [2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10 [Xe] 4f10 6s2 33.96 1.22 [573, 1130, 2200, 3990] 1fffc7
68 Holmium silvery white 164.930332 2873.0 2873 lanthanide 8.79 Marc Delafontaine 1734.0 1734 27.15 67 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmium Holmium is a chemical element with symbol Ho and atomic number 67. Part of the lanthanide series, holmium is a rare earth element. Holmium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve. Ho 13 9 [2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f11 [Xe] 4f11 6s2 32.61 1.23 [581, 1140, 2204, 4100] 00ff9c
69 Erbium silvery white 167.2593 3141.0 3141 lanthanide 9.066 Carl Gustaf Mosander 1802.0 1802 28.12 68 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbium Erbium is a chemical element in the lanthanide series, with symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements on Earth. As such, it is a rare earth element which is associated with several other rare elements in the mineral gadolinite from Ytterby in Sweden, where yttrium, ytterbium, and terbium were discovered. Er 14 9 [2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12 [Xe] 4f12 6s2 30.1 1.24 [589.3, 1150, 2194, 4120] 00e675
70 Thulium silvery gray 168.934222 2223.0 2223 lanthanide 9.32 Per Teodor Cleve 1818.0 1818 27.03 69 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thulium Thulium is a chemical element with symbol Tm and atomic number 69. It is the thirteenth and antepenultimate (third-last) element in the lanthanide series. Like the other lanthanides, the most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds. Tm 15 9 [2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13 [Xe] 4f13 6s2 99.0 99 1.25 [596.7, 1160, 2285, 4120] 00d452
71 Ytterbium 173.0451 1469.0 1469 lanthanide 6.9 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac 1097.0 1097 26.74 70 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium Ytterbium is a chemical element with symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, seen in its oxide, halides and other compounds. Yb 16 9 [2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 [Xe] 4f14 6s2 -1.93 1.1 [603.4, 1174.8, 2417, 4203] 00bf38
72 Lutetium silvery white 174.96681 3675.0 3675 lanthanide 9.841 Georges Urbain 1925.0 1925 26.86 71 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutetium Lutetium is a chemical element with symbol Lu and atomic number 71. It is a silvery white metal, which resists corrosion in dry, but not in moist air. It is considered the first element of the 6th-period transition metals and the last element in the lanthanide series, and is traditionally counted among the rare earths. Lu 17 9 [2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d1 [Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2 33.4 1.27 [523.5, 1340, 2022.3, 4370, 6445] 00ab24
73 Hafnium steel gray 178.492 4876.0 4876 transition metal 13.31 Dirk Coster 2506.0 2506 25.73 72 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafnium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hafnium_spectrum_visible.png Hafnium is a chemical element with symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray, tetravalent transition metal, hafnium chemically resembles zirconium and is found in zirconium minerals. Its existence was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, though it was not identified until 1923, making it the penultimate stable element to be discovered (rhenium was identified two years later). Hf 4 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2 [Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2 17.18 1.3 [658.5, 1440, 2250, 3216] 4dc2ff
74 Tantalum gray blue 180.947882 5731.0 5731 transition metal 16.69 Anders Gustaf Ekeberg 3290.0 3290 25.36 73 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tantalum_spectrum_visible.png Tantalum is a chemical element with symbol Ta and atomic number 73. Previously known as tantalium, its name comes from Tantalus, an antihero from Greek mythology. Tantalum is a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant. Ta 5 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d3 [Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2 31.0 31 1.5 [761, 1500] 4da6ff
75 Tungsten grayish white, lustrous 183.841 6203.0 6203 transition metal 19.25 Carl Wilhelm Scheele 3695.0 3695 24.27 74 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungsten Tungsten, also known as wolfram, is a chemical element with symbol W and atomic number 74. The word tungsten comes from the Swedish language tung sten, which directly translates to heavy stone. Its name in Swedish is volfram, however, in order to distinguish it from scheelite, which in Swedish is alternatively named tungsten. W 6 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d4 [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2 78.76 2.36 [770, 1700] 2194d6
76 Rhenium silvery-grayish 186.2071 5869.0 5869 transition metal 21.02 Masataka Ogawa 3459.0 3459 25.48 Walter Noddack 75 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenium Rhenium is a chemical element with symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an estimated average concentration of 1 part per billion (ppb), rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. Re 7 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d5 [Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2 5.8273 1.9 [760, 1260, 2510, 3640] 267dab
77 Osmium silvery, blue cast 190.233 5285.0 5285 transition metal 22.59 Smithson Tennant 3306.0 3306 24.7 76 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmium Osmium (from Greek osme (ὀσμή) meaning "smell") is a chemical element with symbol Os and atomic number 76. It is a hard, brittle, bluish-white transition metal in the platinum group that is found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores. Osmium is the densest naturally occurring element, with a density of 22.59 g/cm3. Os 8 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d6 [Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2 103.99 2.2 [840, 1600] 266696
78 Iridium silvery white 192.2173 4403.0 4403 transition metal 22.56 Smithson Tennant 2719.0 2719 25.1 77 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridium Iridium is a chemical element with symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, iridium is generally credited with being the second densest element (after osmium) based on measured density, although calculations involving the space lattices of the elements show that iridium is denser. It is also the most corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperatures as high as 2000 °C. Although only certain molten salts and halogens are corrosive to solid iridium, finely divided iridium dust is much more reactive and can be flammable. Ir 9 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7 [Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2 150.94 2.2 [880, 1600] 175487
79 Platinum silvery white 195.0849 4098.0 4098 transition metal 21.45 Antonio de Ulloa 2041.4 25.86 78 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum Platinum is a chemical element with symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, gray-white transition metal. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina, which is literally translated into "little silver". Pt 10 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d9 [Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1 205.041 2.28 [870, 1791] d0d0e0
80 Gold metallic yellow 196.9665695 3243.0 3243 transition metal 19.3 Middle East 1337.33 25.418 79 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold Gold is a chemical element with symbol Au (from Latin:aurum) and atomic number 79. In its purest form, it is a bright, slightly reddish yellow, dense, soft, malleable and ductile metal. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. Au 11 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1 222.747 2.54 [890.1, 1980] ffd123
81 Mercury silvery 200.5923 629.88 transition metal 13.534 unknown, before 2000 BCE 234.321 27.983 80 6 Liquid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury (Element) Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/). A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Hg 12 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 -48.0 -48 2.0 2 [1007.1, 1810, 3300] b8b8d0
82 Thallium silvery white 204.38 1746.0 1746 post-transition metal 11.85 William Crookes 577.0 577 26.32 81 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium Thallium is a chemical element with symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray post-transition metal is not found free in nature. When isolated, it resembles tin, but discolors when exposed to air. Tl 13 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 36.4 1.62 [589.4, 1971, 2878] a6544d
83 Lead metallic gray 207.21 2022.0 2022 post-transition metal 11.34 Middle East 600.61 26.65 82 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_(element) Lead (/lɛd/) is a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin:plumbum) and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable and heavy post-transition metal. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air. Pb 14 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 34.4204 1.87 [715.6, 1450.5, 3081.5, 4083, 6640] 575961
84 Bismuth lustrous silver 208.980401 1837.0 1837 post-transition metal 9.78 Claude François Geoffroy 544.7 25.52 83 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth Bismuth is a chemical element with symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent post-transition metal, chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Elemental bismuth may occur naturally, although its sulfide and oxide form important commercial ores. Bi 15 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 90.924 2.02 [703, 1610, 2466, 4370, 5400, 8520] 9e4fb5
85 Polonium silvery 209.0 209 1235.0 1235 post-transition metal 9.196 Pierre Curie 527.0 527 26.4 84 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie Curie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive element with no stable isotopes, polonium is chemically similar to bismuth and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores. Applications of polonium are few. Po 16 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 136.0 136 2.0 2 [812.1] ab5c00
86 Astatine unknown, probably metallic 210.0 210 610.0 610 metalloid 6.35 Dale R. Corson 575.0 575 85 6 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine Astatine is a very rare radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol At and atomic number 85. It occurs on Earth as the decay product of various heavier elements. All its isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. At 17 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 233.0 233 2.2 [899.003] 754f45
87 Radon colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes 222.0 222 211.5 noble gas 9.73 Friedrich Ernst Dorn 202.0 202 86 6 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Radon_spectrum.png Radon is a chemical element with symbol Rn and atomic number 86. It is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as a decay product of radium. Its most stable isotope, 222Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days. Rn 18 6 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 -68.0 -68 2.2 [1037] 428296
88 Francium 223.0 223 950.0 950 alkali metal 1.87 Marguerite Perey 300.0 300 87 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium Francium is a chemical element with symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It used to be known as eka-caesium and actinium K. It is the second-least electronegative element, behind only caesium. Francium is a highly radioactive metal that decays into astatine, radium, and radon. Fr 1 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1 [Rn] 7s1 46.89 0.79 [380] 420066
89 Radium silvery white metallic 226.0 226 2010.0 2010 alkaline earth metal 5.5 Pierre Curie 1233.0 1233 88 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium Radium is a chemical element with symbol Ra and atomic number 88. It is the sixth element in group 2 of the periodic table, also known as the alkaline earth metals. Pure radium is almost colorless, but it readily combines with nitrogen (rather than oxygen) on exposure to air, forming a black surface layer of radium nitride (Ra3N2). Ra 2 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 [Rn] 7s2 9.6485 0.9 [509.3, 979] 007d00
90 Actinium 227.0 227 3500.0 3500 actinide 10.0 10 Friedrich Oskar Giesel 1500.0 1500 27.2 89 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium Actinium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Ac (not to be confused with the abbreviation for an acetyl group) and atomic number 89, which was discovered in 1899. It was the first non-primordial radioactive element to be isolated. Polonium, radium and radon were observed before actinium, but they were not isolated until 1902. Ac 3 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d1 [Rn] 6d1 7s2 33.77 1.1 [499, 1170] 70abfa
91 Thorium silvery, often with black tarnish 232.03774 5061.0 5061 actinide 11.724 Jöns Jakob Berzelius 2023.0 2023 26.23 90 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium Thorium is a chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90. A radioactive actinide metal, thorium is one of only two significantly radioactive elements that still occur naturally in large quantities as a primordial element (the other being uranium). It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian Reverend and amateur mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius, who named it after Thor, the Norse god of thunder. Th 4 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d2 [Rn] 6d2 7s2 112.72 1.3 [587, 1110, 1930, 2780] 00baff
92 Protactinium bright, silvery metallic luster 231.035882 4300.0 4300 actinide 15.37 William Crookes 1841.0 1841 Otto Hahn 91 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium Protactinium is a chemical element with symbol Pa and atomic number 91. It is a dense, silvery-gray metal which readily reacts with oxygen, water vapor and inorganic acids. It forms various chemical compounds where protactinium is usually present in the oxidation state +5, but can also assume +4 and even +2 or +3 states. Pa 5 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f2 6d1 [Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2 53.03 1.5 [568] 00a1ff
93 Uranium 238.028913 4404.0 4404 actinide 19.1 Martin Heinrich Klaproth 1405.3 27.665 92 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. U 6 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f3 6d1 [Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2 50.94 1.38 [597.6, 1420] 008fff
94 Neptunium silvery metallic 237.0 237 4447.0 4447 actinide 20.45 Edwin McMillan 912.0 912 29.46 93 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium Neptunium is a chemical element with symbol Np and atomic number 93. A radioactive actinide metal, neptunium is the first transuranic element. Its position in the periodic table just after uranium, named after the planet Uranus, led to it being named after Neptune, the next planet beyond Uranus. Np 7 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f4 6d1 [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 45.85 1.36 [604.5] 0080ff
95 Plutonium silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air 244.0 244 3505.0 3505 actinide 19.816 Glenn T. Seaborg 912.5 35.5 94 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation states. Pu 8 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f6 [Rn] 5f6 7s2 -48.33 1.28 [584.7] 006bff
96 Americium silvery white 243.0 243 2880.0 2880 actinide 12.0 12 Glenn T. Seaborg 1449.0 1449 62.7 95 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Americium_spectrum_visible.png Americium is a radioactive transuranic chemical element with symbol Am and atomic number 95. This member of the actinide series is located in the periodic table under the lanthanide element europium, and thus by analogy was named after the Americas. Americium was first produced in 1944 by the group of Glenn T.Seaborg from Berkeley, California, at the metallurgical laboratory of University of Chicago. Am 9 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7 [Rn] 5f7 7s2 9.93 1.13 [578] 545cf2
97 Curium silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark 247.0 247 3383.0 3383 actinide 13.51 Glenn T. Seaborg 1613.0 1613 96 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium Curium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Cm and atomic number 96. This element of the actinide series was named after Marie and Pierre Curie – both were known for their research on radioactivity. Curium was first intentionally produced and identified in July 1944 by the group of Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California, Berkeley. Cm 10 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f7 6d1 [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 27.17 1.28 [581] 785ce3
98 Berkelium silvery 247.0 247 2900.0 2900 actinide 14.78 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1259.0 1259 97 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the University of California Radiation Laboratory where it was discovered in December 1949. Bk 11 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f9 [Rn] 5f9 7s2 -165.24 1.3 [601] 8a4fe3
99 Californium silvery 251.0 251 1743.0 1743 actinide 15.1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1173.0 1173 98 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium Californium is a radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Cf and atomic number 98. The element was first made in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, by bombarding curium with alpha particles (helium-4 ions). It is an actinide element, the sixth transuranium element to be synthesized, and has the second-highest atomic mass of all the elements that have been produced in amounts large enough to see with the unaided eye (after einsteinium). Cf 12 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f10 [Rn] 5f10 7s2 -97.31 1.3 [608] a136d4
100 Einsteinium silver-colored 252.0 252 1269.0 1269 actinide 8.84 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1133.0 1133 99 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium Einsteinium is a synthetic element with symbol Es and atomic number 99. It is the seventh transuranic element, and an actinide. Einsteinium was discovered as a component of the debris of the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952, and named after Albert Einstein. Es 13 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f11 [Rn] 5f11 7s2 -28.6 1.3 [619] b31fd4
101 Fermium 257.0 257 actinide Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1800.0 1800 100 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium Fermium is a synthetic element with symbol Fm and atomic number 100. It is a member of the actinide series. It is the heaviest element that can be formed by neutron bombardment of lighter elements, and hence the last element that can be prepared in macroscopic quantities, although pure fermium metal has not yet been prepared. Fm 14 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f12 [Rn] 5f12 7s2 33.96 1.3 [627] b31fba
102 Mendelevium 258.0 258 actinide Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1100.0 1100 101 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium Mendelevium is a synthetic element with chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, it is the first element that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the antepenultimate actinide and the ninth transuranic element. Md 15 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f13 [Rn] 5f13 7s2 93.91 1.3 [635] b30da6
103 Nobelium 259.0 259 actinide Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 1100.0 1100 102 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium Nobelium is a synthetic chemical element with symbol No and atomic number 102. It is named in honor of Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite and benefactor of science. A radioactive metal, it is the tenth transuranic element and is the penultimate member of the actinide series. No 16 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 [Rn] 5f14 7s2 -223.22 1.3 [642] bd0d87
104 Lawrencium 266.0 266 actinide Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1900.0 1900 103 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencium Lawrencium is a synthetic chemical element with chemical symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and atomic number 103. It is named in honor of Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, a device that was used to discover many artificial radioactive elements. A radioactive metal, lawrencium is the eleventh transuranic element and is also the final member of the actinide series. Lr 17 10 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 7p1 [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 -30.04 1.3 [470] c70066
105 Rutherfordium 267.0 267 5800.0 5800 transition metal 23.2 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 2400.0 2400 104 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordium Rutherfordium is a chemical element with symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named in honor of physicist Ernest Rutherford. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d - block element and the second of the fourth - row transition elements. Rf 4 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d2 [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 [580] cc0059
106 Dubnium 268.0 268 transition metal 29.3 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 105 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium Dubnium is a chemical element with symbol Db and atomic number 105. It is named after the town of Dubna in Russia (north of Moscow), where it was first produced. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, dubnium-268, has a half-life of approximately 28 hours. Db 5 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d3 *[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2 [] d1004f
107 Seaborgium 269.0 269 transition metal 35.0 35 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 106 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium Seaborgium is a synthetic element with symbol Sg and atomic number 106. Its most stable isotope 271Sg has a half-life of 1.9 minutes. A more recently discovered isotope 269Sg has a potentially slightly longer half-life (ca. Sg 6 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d4 *[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2 [] d90045
108 Bohrium 270.0 270 transition metal 37.1 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung 107 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium Bohrium is a chemical element with symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 270Bh, has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds. Bh 7 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d5 *[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2 [] e00038
109 Hassium 269.0 269 transition metal 40.7 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung 126.0 126 108 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium Hassium is a chemical element with symbol Hs and atomic number 108, named after the German state of Hesse. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Hs, has a half-life of approximately 9.7 seconds, although an unconfirmed metastable state, 277mHs, may have a longer half-life of about 130 seconds. More than 100 atoms of hassium have been synthesized to date. Hs 8 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d6 *[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2 [] e6002e
110 Meitnerium 278.0 278 unknown, probably transition metal 37.4 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung 109 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium Meitnerium is a chemical element with symbol Mt and atomic number 109. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element not found in nature that can be created in a laboratory). The most stable known isotope, meitnerium-278, has a half-life of 7.6 seconds. Mt 9 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d7 *[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 [] eb0026
111 Darmstadtium 281.0 281 unknown, probably transition metal 34.8 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung 110 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadtium Darmstadtium is a chemical element with symbol Ds and atomic number 110. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The most stable known isotope, darmstadtium-281, has a half-life of approximately 10 seconds. Ds 10 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d8 *[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1 []
112 Roentgenium 282.0 282 unknown, probably transition metal 28.7 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung 111 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium Roentgenium is a chemical element with symbol Rg and atomic number 111. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature); the most stable known isotope, roentgenium-282, has a half-life of 2.1 minutes. Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany. Rg 11 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d9 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1 151.0 151 []
113 Copernicium 285.0 285 3570.0 3570 transition metal 23.7 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung 112 7 Gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicium Copernicium is a chemical element with symbol Cn and atomic number 112. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element that can only be created in a laboratory. The most stable known isotope, copernicium-285, has a half-life of approximately 29 seconds, but it is possible that this copernicium isotope may have a nuclear isomer with a longer half-life, 8.9 min. Cn 12 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 []
114 Nihonium 286.0 286 1430.0 1430 unknown, probably transition metal 16.0 16 RIKEN 700.0 700 113 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununtrium Nihonium is a chemical element with atomic number 113. It has a symbol Nh. It is a synthetic element (an element that can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature) and is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of 20 seconds. Nh 13 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p1 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 66.6 []
115 Flerovium 289.0 289 420.0 420 post-transition metal 14.0 14 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 340.0 340 114 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerovium Flerovium is a superheavy artificial chemical element with symbol Fl and atomic number 114. It is an extremely radioactive synthetic element. The element is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, where the element was discovered in 1998. Fl 14 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 []
116 Moscovium 289.0 289 1400.0 1400 unknown, probably post-transition metal 13.5 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 670.0 670 115 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununpentium Moscovium is the name of a synthetic superheavy element in the periodic table that has the symbol Mc and has the atomic number 115. It is an extremely radioactive element; its most stable known isotope, moscovium-289, has a half-life of only 220 milliseconds. It is also known as eka-bismuth or simply element 115. Mc 15 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p3 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 35.3 []
117 Livermorium 293.0 293 1085.0 1085 unknown, probably post-transition metal 12.9 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 709.0 709 116 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium Livermorium is a synthetic superheavy element with symbol Lv and atomic number 116. It is an extremely radioactive element that has only been created in the laboratory and has not been observed in nature. The element is named after the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States, which collaborated with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia to discover livermorium in 2000. Lv 16 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p4 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 74.9 []
118 Tennessine 294.0 294 883.0 883 unknown, probably metalloid 7.17 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 723.0 723 117 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessine Tennessine is a superheavy artificial chemical element with an atomic number of 117 and a symbol of Ts. Also known as eka-astatine or element 117, it is the second-heaviest known element and penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. As of 2016, fifteen tennessine atoms have been observed:six when it was first synthesized in 2010, seven in 2012, and two in 2014. Ts 17 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p5 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 165.9 []
119 Oganesson 294.0 294 350.0 350 unknown, predicted to be noble gas 4.95 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 118 7 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson Oganesson is IUPAC's name for the transactinide element with the atomic number 118 and element symbol Og. It is also known as eka-radon or element 118, and on the periodic table of the elements it is a p-block element and the last one of the 7th period. Oganesson is currently the only synthetic member of group 18. Og 18 7 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6 *[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 5.40318 []
120 Ununennium 315.0 315 630.0 630 unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal 3.0 3 GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research 119 8 Solid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ununennium Ununennium, also known as eka-francium or simply element 119, is the hypothetical chemical element with symbol Uue and atomic number 119. Ununennium and Uue are the temporary systematic IUPAC name and symbol respectively, until a permanent name is decided upon. In the periodic table of the elements, it is expected to be an s-block element, an alkali metal, and the first element in the eighth period. Uue 1 8 [2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 1] 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6 8s1 *[Uuo] 8s1 63.87 []
-119
View File
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"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 0.08988,
"discovered_by": "Henry Cavendish",
"melt": 13.99,
@@ -39,7 +38,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 4.0026022,
"boil": 4.222,
"category": "noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 0.1786,
"discovered_by": "Pierre Janssen",
"melt": 0.95,
@@ -73,7 +71,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 6.94,
"boil": 1603,
"category": "alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 0.534,
"discovered_by": "Johan August Arfwedson",
"melt": 453.65,
@@ -109,7 +106,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 9.01218315,
"boil": 2742,
"category": "alkaline earth metal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.85,
"discovered_by": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin",
"melt": 1560,
@@ -146,7 +142,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 10.81,
"boil": 4200,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 2.08,
"discovered_by": "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac",
"melt": 2349,
@@ -184,7 +179,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 12.011,
"boil": null,
"category": "polyatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.821,
"discovered_by": "Ancient Egypt",
"melt": null,
@@ -223,7 +217,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 14.007,
"boil": 77.355,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.251,
"discovered_by": "Daniel Rutherford",
"melt": 63.15,
@@ -263,7 +256,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 15.999,
"boil": 90.188,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.429,
"discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
"melt": 54.36,
@@ -304,7 +296,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 18.9984031636,
"boil": 85.03,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.696,
"discovered_by": "André-Marie Ampère",
"melt": 53.48,
@@ -346,7 +337,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 20.17976,
"boil": 27.104,
"category": "noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 0.9002,
"discovered_by": "Morris Travers",
"melt": 24.56,
@@ -389,7 +379,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 22.989769282,
"boil": 1156.09,
"category": "alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 0.968,
"discovered_by": "Humphry Davy",
"melt": 370.944,
@@ -434,7 +423,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 24.305,
"boil": 1363,
"category": "alkaline earth metal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.738,
"discovered_by": "Joseph Black",
"melt": 923,
@@ -480,7 +468,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 26.98153857,
"boil": 2743,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
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"discovered_by": null,
"melt": 933.47,
@@ -527,7 +514,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 28.085,
"boil": 3538,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 2.329,
"discovered_by": "Jöns Jacob Berzelius",
"melt": 1687,
@@ -575,7 +561,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 30.9737619985,
"boil": null,
"category": "polyatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.823,
"discovered_by": "Hennig Brand",
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@@ -624,7 +609,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 32.06,
"boil": 717.8,
"category": "polyatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 2.07,
"discovered_by": "Ancient china",
"melt": 388.36,
@@ -674,7 +658,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 35.45,
"boil": 239.11,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 3.2,
"discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
"melt": 171.6,
@@ -725,7 +708,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 39.9481,
"boil": 87.302,
"category": "noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 1.784,
"discovered_by": "Lord Rayleigh",
"melt": 83.81,
@@ -777,7 +759,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 39.09831,
"boil": 1032,
"category": "alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 0.862,
"discovered_by": "Humphry Davy",
"melt": 336.7,
@@ -831,7 +812,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 40.0784,
"boil": 1757,
"category": "alkaline earth metal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.55,
"discovered_by": "Humphry Davy",
"melt": 1115,
@@ -886,7 +866,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 44.9559085,
"boil": 3109,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 2.985,
"discovered_by": "Lars Fredrik Nilson",
"melt": 1814,
@@ -942,7 +921,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 47.8671,
"boil": 3560,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 4.506,
"discovered_by": "William Gregor",
"melt": 1941,
@@ -999,7 +977,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 50.94151,
"boil": 3680,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 6,
"discovered_by": "Andrés Manuel del Río",
"melt": 2183,
@@ -1057,7 +1034,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 51.99616,
"boil": 2944,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 7.19,
"discovered_by": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin",
"melt": 2180,
@@ -1116,7 +1092,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 54.9380443,
"boil": 2334,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 7.21,
"discovered_by": "Torbern Olof Bergman",
"melt": 1519,
@@ -1176,7 +1151,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 55.8452,
"boil": 3134,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 7.874,
"discovered_by": "5000 BC",
"melt": 1811,
@@ -1237,7 +1211,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 58.9331944,
"boil": 3200,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": "metallic gray",
"density": 8.9,
"discovered_by": "Georg Brandt",
"melt": 1768,
@@ -1299,7 +1272,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 58.69344,
"boil": 3003,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 8.908,
"discovered_by": "Axel Fredrik Cronstedt",
"melt": 1728,
@@ -1362,7 +1334,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 63.5463,
"boil": 2835,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 8.96,
"discovered_by": "Middle East",
"melt": 1357.77,
@@ -1426,7 +1397,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 65.382,
"boil": 1180,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 7.14,
"discovered_by": "India",
"melt": 692.68,
@@ -1482,7 +1452,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 69.7231,
"boil": 2673,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 5.91,
"discovered_by": "Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
"melt": 302.9146,
@@ -1521,7 +1490,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 72.6308,
"boil": 3106,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 5.323,
"discovered_by": "Clemens Winkler",
"melt": 1211.4,
@@ -1561,7 +1529,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 74.9215956,
"boil": null,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 5.727,
"discovered_by": "Bronze Age",
"melt": null,
@@ -1602,7 +1569,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 78.9718,
"boil": 958,
"category": "polyatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 4.81,
"discovered_by": "Jöns Jakob Berzelius",
"melt": 494,
@@ -1644,7 +1610,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 79.904,
"boil": 332,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 3.1028,
"discovered_by": "Antoine Jérôme Balard",
"melt": 265.8,
@@ -1687,7 +1652,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 83.7982,
"boil": 119.93,
"category": "noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 3.749,
"discovered_by": "William Ramsay",
"melt": 115.78,
@@ -1752,7 +1716,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 85.46783,
"boil": 961,
"category": "alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.532,
"discovered_by": "Robert Bunsen",
"melt": 312.45,
@@ -1798,7 +1761,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 87.621,
"boil": 1650,
"category": "alkaline earth metal",
"color": null,
"density": 2.64,
"discovered_by": "William Cruickshank (chemist)",
"melt": 1050,
@@ -1845,7 +1807,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 88.905842,
"boil": 3203,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 4.472,
"discovered_by": "Johan Gadolin",
"melt": 1799,
@@ -1893,7 +1854,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 91.2242,
"boil": 4650,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 6.52,
"discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
"melt": 2128,
@@ -1935,7 +1895,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 92.906372,
"boil": 5017,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 8.57,
"discovered_by": "Charles Hatchett",
"melt": 2750,
@@ -1978,7 +1937,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 95.951,
"boil": 4912,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 10.28,
"discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
"melt": 2896,
@@ -2044,7 +2002,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 98,
"boil": 4538,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 11,
"discovered_by": "Emilio Segrè",
"melt": 2430,
@@ -2083,7 +2040,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 101.072,
"boil": 4423,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 12.45,
"discovered_by": "Karl Ernst Claus",
"melt": 2607,
@@ -2122,7 +2078,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 102.905502,
"boil": 3968,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 12.41,
"discovered_by": "William Hyde Wollaston",
"melt": 2237,
@@ -2161,7 +2116,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 106.421,
"boil": 3236,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 12.023,
"discovered_by": "William Hyde Wollaston",
"melt": 1828.05,
@@ -2199,7 +2153,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 107.86822,
"boil": 2435,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 10.49,
"discovered_by": "unknown, before 5000 BC",
"melt": 1234.93,
@@ -2238,7 +2191,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 112.4144,
"boil": 1040,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 8.65,
"discovered_by": "Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann",
"melt": 594.22,
@@ -2277,7 +2229,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 114.8181,
"boil": 2345,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 7.31,
"discovered_by": "Ferdinand Reich",
"melt": 429.7485,
@@ -2317,7 +2268,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 118.7107,
"boil": 2875,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 7.365,
"discovered_by": "unknown, before 3500 BC",
"melt": 505.08,
@@ -2358,7 +2308,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 121.7601,
"boil": 1908,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 6.697,
"discovered_by": "unknown, before 3000 BC",
"melt": 903.78,
@@ -2400,7 +2349,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 127.603,
"boil": 1261,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 6.24,
"discovered_by": "Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein",
"melt": 722.66,
@@ -2443,7 +2391,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 126.904473,
"boil": 457.4,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal",
"color": null,
"density": 4.933,
"discovered_by": "Bernard Courtois",
"melt": 386.85,
@@ -2482,7 +2429,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 131.2936,
"boil": 165.051,
"category": "noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 5.894,
"discovered_by": "William Ramsay",
"melt": 161.4,
@@ -2521,7 +2467,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 132.905451966,
"boil": 944,
"category": "alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.93,
"discovered_by": "Robert Bunsen",
"melt": 301.7,
@@ -2561,7 +2506,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 137.3277,
"boil": 2118,
"category": "alkaline earth metal",
"color": null,
"density": 3.51,
"discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
"melt": 1000,
@@ -2601,7 +2545,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 138.905477,
"boil": 3737,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 6.162,
"discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander",
"melt": 1193,
@@ -2643,7 +2586,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 140.1161,
"boil": 3716,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 6.77,
"discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
"melt": 1068,
@@ -2686,7 +2628,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 140.907662,
"boil": 3403,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 6.77,
"discovered_by": "Carl Auer von Welsbach",
"melt": 1208,
@@ -2728,7 +2669,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 144.2423,
"boil": 3347,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 7.01,
"discovered_by": "Carl Auer von Welsbach",
"melt": 1297,
@@ -2769,7 +2709,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 145,
"boil": 3273,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 7.26,
"discovered_by": "Chien Shiung Wu",
"melt": 1315,
@@ -2810,7 +2749,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 150.362,
"boil": 2173,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 7.52,
"discovered_by": "Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
"melt": 1345,
@@ -2851,7 +2789,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 151.9641,
"boil": 1802,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 5.264,
"discovered_by": "Eugène-Anatole Demarçay",
"melt": 1099,
@@ -2892,7 +2829,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 157.253,
"boil": 3273,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 7.9,
"discovered_by": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac",
"melt": 1585,
@@ -2933,7 +2869,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 158.925352,
"boil": 3396,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 8.23,
"discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander",
"melt": 1629,
@@ -2974,7 +2909,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 162.5001,
"boil": 2840,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 8.54,
"discovered_by": "Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
"melt": 1680,
@@ -3015,7 +2949,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 164.930332,
"boil": 2873,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 8.79,
"discovered_by": "Marc Delafontaine",
"melt": 1734,
@@ -3056,7 +2989,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 167.2593,
"boil": 3141,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 9.066,
"discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander",
"melt": 1802,
@@ -3097,7 +3029,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 168.934222,
"boil": 2223,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 9.32,
"discovered_by": "Per Teodor Cleve",
"melt": 1818,
@@ -3138,7 +3069,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 173.0451,
"boil": 1469,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 6.9,
"discovered_by": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac",
"melt": 1097,
@@ -3179,7 +3109,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 174.96681,
"boil": 3675,
"category": "lanthanide",
"color": null,
"density": 9.841,
"discovered_by": "Georges Urbain",
"melt": 1925,
@@ -3221,7 +3150,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 178.492,
"boil": 4876,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 13.31,
"discovered_by": "Dirk Coster",
"melt": 2506,
@@ -3262,7 +3190,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 180.947882,
"boil": 5731,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 16.69,
"discovered_by": "Anders Gustaf Ekeberg",
"melt": 3290,
@@ -3301,7 +3228,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 183.841,
"boil": 6203,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 19.25,
"discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
"melt": 3695,
@@ -3340,7 +3266,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 186.2071,
"boil": 5869,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 21.02,
"discovered_by": "Masataka Ogawa",
"melt": 3459,
@@ -3381,7 +3306,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 190.233,
"boil": 5285,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 22.59,
"discovered_by": "Smithson Tennant",
"melt": 3306,
@@ -3420,7 +3344,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 192.2173,
"boil": 4403,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 22.56,
"discovered_by": "Smithson Tennant",
"melt": 2719,
@@ -3459,7 +3382,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 195.0849,
"boil": 4098,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 21.45,
"discovered_by": "Antonio de Ulloa",
"melt": 2041.4,
@@ -3498,7 +3420,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 196.9665695,
"boil": 3243,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 19.3,
"discovered_by": "Middle East",
"melt": 1337.33,
@@ -3537,7 +3458,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 200.5923,
"boil": 629.88,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 13.534,
"discovered_by": "unknown, before 2000 BCE",
"melt": 234.321,
@@ -3577,7 +3497,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 204.38,
"boil": 1746,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 11.85,
"discovered_by": "William Crookes",
"melt": 577,
@@ -3617,7 +3536,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 207.21,
"boil": 2022,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 11.34,
"discovered_by": "Middle East",
"melt": 600.61,
@@ -3659,7 +3577,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 208.980401,
"boil": 1837,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 9.78,
"discovered_by": "Claude François Geoffroy",
"melt": 544.7,
@@ -3702,7 +3619,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 209,
"boil": 1235,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 9.196,
"discovered_by": "Pierre Curie",
"melt": 527,
@@ -3740,7 +3656,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 210,
"boil": 610,
"category": "metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 6.35,
"discovered_by": "Dale R. Corson",
"melt": 575,
@@ -3778,7 +3693,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 222,
"boil": 211.5,
"category": "noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 9.73,
"discovered_by": "Friedrich Ernst Dorn",
"melt": 202,
@@ -3816,7 +3730,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 223,
"boil": 950,
"category": "alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 1.87,
"discovered_by": "Marguerite Perey",
"melt": 300,
@@ -3855,7 +3768,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 226,
"boil": 2010,
"category": "alkaline earth metal",
"color": null,
"density": 5.5,
"discovered_by": "Pierre Curie",
"melt": 1233,
@@ -3895,7 +3807,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 227,
"boil": 3500,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 10,
"discovered_by": "Friedrich Oskar Giesel",
"melt": 1500,
@@ -3935,7 +3846,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 232.03774,
"boil": 5061,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 11.724,
"discovered_by": "Jöns Jakob Berzelius",
"melt": 2023,
@@ -3977,7 +3887,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 231.035882,
"boil": 4300,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 15.37,
"discovered_by": "William Crookes",
"melt": 1841,
@@ -4016,7 +3925,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 238.028913,
"boil": 4404,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 19.1,
"discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
"melt": 1405.3,
@@ -4056,7 +3964,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 237,
"boil": 4447,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 20.45,
"discovered_by": "Edwin McMillan",
"melt": 912,
@@ -4095,7 +4002,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 244,
"boil": 3505,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 19.816,
"discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg",
"melt": 912.5,
@@ -4134,7 +4040,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 243,
"boil": 2880,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 12,
"discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg",
"melt": 1449,
@@ -4173,7 +4078,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 247,
"boil": 3383,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 13.51,
"discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg",
"melt": 1613,
@@ -4212,7 +4116,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 247,
"boil": 2900,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 14.78,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": 1259,
@@ -4251,7 +4154,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 251,
"boil": 1743,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 15.1,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": 1173,
@@ -4290,7 +4192,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 252,
"boil": 1269,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": 8.84,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": 1133,
@@ -4329,7 +4230,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 257,
"boil": null,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": null,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": 1800,
@@ -4368,7 +4268,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 258,
"boil": null,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": null,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": 1100,
@@ -4407,7 +4306,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 259,
"boil": null,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": null,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": 1100,
@@ -4446,7 +4344,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 266,
"boil": null,
"category": "actinide",
"color": null,
"density": null,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": 1900,
@@ -4485,7 +4382,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 267,
"boil": 5800,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 23.2,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": 2400,
@@ -4524,7 +4420,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 268,
"boil": null,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 29.3,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": null,
@@ -4561,7 +4456,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 269,
"boil": null,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 35,
"discovered_by": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"melt": null,
@@ -4598,7 +4492,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 270,
"boil": null,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 37.1,
"discovered_by": "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
"melt": null,
@@ -4635,7 +4528,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 269,
"boil": null,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 40.7,
"discovered_by": "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
"melt": 126,
@@ -4672,7 +4564,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 278,
"boil": null,
"category": "unknown, probably transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 37.4,
"discovered_by": "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
"melt": null,
@@ -4709,7 +4600,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 281,
"boil": null,
"category": "unknown, probably transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 34.8,
"discovered_by": "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
"melt": null,
@@ -4746,7 +4636,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 282,
"boil": null,
"category": "unknown, probably transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 28.7,
"discovered_by": "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
"melt": null,
@@ -4783,7 +4672,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 285,
"boil": 3570,
"category": "transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 23.7,
"discovered_by": "Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
"melt": null,
@@ -4820,7 +4708,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 286,
"boil": 1430,
"category": "unknown, probably transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 16,
"discovered_by": "RIKEN",
"melt": 700,
@@ -4857,7 +4744,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 289,
"boil": 420,
"category": "post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 14,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": 340,
@@ -4894,7 +4780,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 289,
"boil": 1400,
"category": "unknown, probably post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 13.5,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": 670,
@@ -4931,7 +4816,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 293,
"boil": 1085,
"category": "unknown, probably post-transition metal",
"color": null,
"density": 12.9,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": 709,
@@ -4968,7 +4852,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 294,
"boil": 883,
"category": "unknown, probably metalloid",
"color": null,
"density": 7.17,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": 723,
@@ -5005,7 +4888,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 294,
"boil": 350,
"category": "unknown, predicted to be noble gas",
"color": null,
"density": 4.95,
"discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
"melt": null,
@@ -5042,7 +4924,6 @@
"atomic_mass": 315,
"boil": 630,
"category": "unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal",
"color": null,
"density": 3,
"discovered_by": "GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research",
"melt": null,
+1 -2
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ A json of the entire periodic table. Feel free to use it in your projects.
Temperatures such as boiling points and melting points are given in degrees kelvin. Densities are given in g/l for gases and g/cm³ for solids and liquids and molar heat in (mol*K).
Information that is missing is represented as null. Some elements may have an image link to their spectral bands.
All elements have a three sentence summary from Wikipedia. Currently the color tag is useless, so please use appearance instead.
All elements have a three sentence summary from Wikipedia.
**Electron configuration** is given as a string, with each orbital separated by a space. **Electron configuration semantic** is given as a string, this is the short-hand version of the electron configuration. Elements with a semantic electron configuration marked with a "*" mean that the electron configuration has not yet been confirmed. **Electron shells** are given as an array, the first item is the number of electrons in the first shell, the 2nd item is the number of electrons in the second shell, and so on.
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ Here's an example of how it's formatted:
"period": 1,
"category": "diatomic nonmetal ",
"atomic_mass": 1.008,
"color": null,
"appearance": "colorless gas",
"phase": "Gas",
"melt": 13.99,
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@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@
"category": {
"type": "string"
},
"color": {
"type": "null"
},
"density": {
"type": "number"
},
@@ -105,7 +102,6 @@
"atomic_mass",
"boil",
"category",
"color",
"density",
"discovered_by",
"melt",
@@ -147,9 +143,6 @@
"category": {
"type": "string"
},
"color": {
"type": "null"
},
"density": {
"type": "number"
},
@@ -233,7 +226,6 @@
"atomic_mass",
"boil",
"category",
"color",
"density",
"discovered_by",
"melt",
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@@ -1 +1,2 @@
__pycache__
*.pyc